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The concept of business risk has been extended to several new concepts. Disaster, disease, social unrest and terrorism are emerging as part of business risks. This study aim is to explore classification of disaster risk in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). This study explains factors and risk perception of disaster prevention and reduction. The study based on survey, which involved 315 MSMEs, focus group discussion and in-depth interview with several key informants. We use content analysis as a basic tool in the data analysis process, with descriptive statistic to complete information findings in the study. Unit analysis of this study are MSME industries, they are batik and textile, furniture and handy-craft and food industry. The result shows that they are interconnectedness between financial institution, local governance and MSME in the disaster risk management model. Each party has obligations in conducting preparedness of disaster and risk protection procedures for disaster risk management. We also find that there is still very low risk perception among MSME in Surakarta. This could be a potential problem when the disaster risk management should be implemented in MSME business.

The Covid-19 pandemic which became an epidemic throughout the world including Indonesia, so that all sectors including the economy experienced contractions, one of which was Islamic Commercial Banks which faced challenges in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak such as possible risks to financial performance, so the purpose of this study is to analyze financial performance. Islamic commercial banks during the covid-19 pandemic and are expected to increase economic growth and maintain stability in economic conditions, using ROA, CAR, NPF, FDR and ERM ratios as variables, with a sample of 11 Islamic Commercial Banks, research using comparative quantitative methods, data processed with the paired sample t-test and the data taken are the financial statements of Islamic Commercial Banks for the previous 2018 – 2019 period, and the 2020 – 2021 period after covid-19. The result is that there are significant differences in the CAR, ROA, FDR and ERM ratios on the financial performance of Islamic banking before and after covid-19, while the NPF is not significant.  

In 2021, Indonesia’s administration decides to conduct a merger among Islamic government bank. The emerge of syariah financial market is the reason of this policy. This study analyzes Islamic banks merger policy by assessing their financial performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze financial efficiency of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Indonesia based on the 2019  financial reports by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Practical contributions of this study for the banking industry was as a guidance for the management in measuring banking activities by analysing the efficiency level so that it can be used to compile business strategies. Basically, financial performance analysis is the result of evaluation of past performance. In this study, we use different analyses in order to obtain a company’s financial position that represents the company’s reality and potential for continuous performance. Business performance represents effectiveness and the efficiency of an organization or company. Company or organization assess their performance to understand their achivement and evaluate their business plans. In this study we developed business performance measurement based on input and output of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia. We employ Data Envelopment Analysis which calculate the ratio between output and input. In this study, we use deposits, fixed assets and labor costs as input, while credit or financing and operating income as output variables. In this study, we find that there are several conventional and Islamic banks that suffers inefficiency. This inefficiency occurs due to the ratio of inputs and outputs in conventional and Islamic banks are not optimum.

The Covid-19 pandemic which became an epidemic throughout the world including Indonesia, so that all sectors including the economy experienced contractions, one of which was Islamic Commercial Banks which faced challenges in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak such as possible risks to financial performance, so the purpose of this study is to analyze financial performance. Islamic commercial banks during the covid-19 pandemic and are expected to increase economic growth and maintain stability in economic conditions, using ROA, CAR, NPF, FDR and ERM ratios as variables, with a sample of 11 Islamic Commercial Banks, research using comparative quantitative methods, data processed with the paired sample t-test and the data taken are the financial statements of Islamic Commercial Banks for the previous 2018 – 2019 period, and the 2020 – 2021 period after covid-19. The result is that there are significant differences in the CAR, ROA, FDR and ERM ratios on the financial performance of Islamic banking before and after covid-19, while the NPF is not significant.  

In 2021, Indonesia’s administration decides to conduct a merger among Islamic government bank. The emerge of syariah financial market is the reason of this policy. This study analyzes Islamic banks merger policy by assessing their financial performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze financial efficiency of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks in Indonesia based on the 2019  financial reports by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Practical contributions of this study for the banking industry was as a guidance for the management in measuring banking activities by analysing the efficiency level so that it can be used to compile business strategies. Basically, financial performance analysis is the result of evaluation of past performance. In this study, we use different analyses in order to obtain a company’s financial position that represents the company’s reality and potential for continuous performance. Business performance represents effectiveness and the efficiency of an organization or company. Company or organization assess their performance to understand their achivement and evaluate their business plans. In this study we developed business performance measurement based on input and output of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia. We employ Data Envelopment Analysis which calculate the ratio between output and input. In this study, we use deposits, fixed assets and labor costs as input, while credit or financing and operating income as output variables. In this study, we find that there are several conventional and Islamic banks that suffers inefficiency. This inefficiency occurs due to the ratio of inputs and outputs in conventional and Islamic banks are not optimum.

The concept of business risk has been extended to several new concepts. Disaster, disease, social unrest and terrorism are emerging as part of business risks. This study aim is to explore classification of disaster risk in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). This study explains factors and risk perception of disaster prevention and reduction. The study based on survey, which involved 315 MSMEs, focus group discussion and in-depth interview with several key informants. We use content analysis as a basic tool in the data analysis process, with descriptive statistic to complete information findings in the study. Unit analysis of this study are MSME industries, they are batik and textile, furniture and handy-craft and food industry. The result shows that they are interconnectedness between financial institution, local governance and MSME in the disaster risk management model. Each party has obligations in conducting preparedness of disaster and risk protection procedures for disaster risk management. We also find that there is still very low risk perception among MSME in Surakarta. This could be a potential problem when the disaster risk management should be implemented in MSME business.