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Worldwide, unemployment is a challenging aspect that faces most of the graduate students. Based on that, students in colleges and universities currently, are clearly aware that they have to engage in self-employment through entrepreneurship. Moreover, the establishment of innovation hubs during collaging has propounded to help upbringings different entrepreneurial and creativity treats among students. Apart from performing incubation of the business ideas, the innovation hubs could be a free innovative centre where students, stakeholders, lecturers, and alumnae meet, work, and collaborate on the range of innovative augmented ideas to stimulate entrepreneur intention.  Colleges and universities do not have a proper plan to expose students to practical business environments while studying. Therefore, through mixed research design, this study entails to design and develop a participatory contextual model that will enhance the College of Business Education to establish a free space as the innovation hub for incubating talents, entrepreneurial ideas and research focused on solution-based for students and lecturers. A total of 132 respondents consisting of 20 instructors; 100 students and 12 entrepreneurial practitioners were involved in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and documentary review. The obtained data were analysed through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Based on the findings, it is evident that establishing an incubation and innovation hub within the CBE community is necessary. The findings provide valuable insights into the participants' perceptions and highlight various aspects that should be considered during establishing and implementing the hub. Moreover, the findings stipulate that the incubation and innovation hub should incorporate the prototype environment that includes mindset change programmes, regular training, internship programmes, effective incubation practices, strong mentorship and coaching programmes, and a clear exit strategy that can enhance the entrepreneurial skills and capabilities of incubates

The study aimed to examine the effect of political interference on procurement performance in Tanzania's parastatal organization. It was specifically intended to investigate the impact of political interference on the contract award, project allocation, and legal framework implementation on procurement performance and make some recommendations for improvement. The data were collected from heads of departments at 93 parastatal organizations in Dar es Salaam using structured questionnaires. The study's population consisted of 712 respondents, with a sample size of 256 randomly selected, but only 241 questionnaires were returned, completed, and used for analysis. The data were descriptively and inferentially analyzed using a multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 26. The finding shows that political interference in contract award and legal framework implementation negatively influences procurement performance. In contrast, political interference in project allocation positively impacts procurement performance. The study implied that the procuring entity should ensure that politicians were not involved in the procurement process and that only authorized officers were allowed to participate.

The study aimed to identify the obstacles preventing higher learning institutions in the Dar es Salaam region from adopting sustainable procurement. In particular, the study sought to ascertain how the legal framework, supplier awareness, staff knowledge, and top management support affected sustainable procurement in the construction projects of higher learning institutions in the Dar es Salaam region. 156 employees who worked as estate officers and procurement specialists made up the study's sample, whereby the Yamane (1967) Formula was used to determine the study's sample size, which was 112 participants. However, only 101 questionnaires were collected, filled out, and returned for analysis. The data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire using the drop-and-pick method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, where the mean and standard deviation were calculated. At the same time, inferential analysis was done by using multiple linear regression analysis after testing the reliability and validity of the data and the assumptions of multiple regression analysis, including normality, linearity, homoscedasticity, and multicollinearity. The research was carried out using IBM SPSS version 26. According to the study's findings, all four tested variables, supplier awareness, management support, legal framework, and staff knowledge, have a significant positive relationship with sustainable procurement. Management in higher learning institutions should consider these variables to ensure sustainable procurement within their organization.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has remained a major source of food security and income generation for most developing countries including Tanzania due to its ability to drought and disease resistance. At present, its production in Tanzania stands at 630,000 tons while the country's market demand is expected to grow at 7% by 2026.  Therefore, this study assessed the contribution of cassava production and marketing on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Tanzania particularly in the Dodoma region, so as to explore its potential contributions to the society welfare. A cross-sectional research design was employed whereby a multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample of 240 cassava smallholder farmers from four districts in the Dodoma region namely Kondoa, Chemba, Kongwa, and Mpwapwa. Quantitative data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and focus group discussion, interview and observation methods also were used in collecting qualitative data from the study area. Content analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data.  A binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the contribution of cassava production and marketing on smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in the region. The findings from the study indicated that family size, farmers’ experience, land size, education, number of visits by extension, and market access statistically were significant with showed a positive relationship with the improvement in the livelihood of farmers in the selected districts. On the other hand, transportation costs showed a negative relation with the improvement of farmers’ livelihood. Generally, it can be concluded that an increase in production and improvement in marketing variables could contribute much to the improvement of smallholder farmers’ livelihood.  Based on these findings, it is recommended that Ministries responsible for cassava production and marketing which included the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Trade focus more on the design, promotion, and implementation of policies and programs that are intended to enhance cassava production in rural areas and increase the provision of best farming practices through employing more extension officers.

Due to rising global competition and major changes in consumer demands, preferences, and tastes, many businesses today use the Japanese management technique known as Kaizen to adjust their production processes to meet these expectations. The sole goal of this study was to improve the overall productivity of medium-scale industries by integrating the kaizen philosophy into the production process. Most learning exercises carried out as part of kaizen initiatives were designed to improve social outcomes regarding employees’ problem-solving skills and attitudes. In particular, Kaizen coordinators are concerned with employees’ understanding of continuous improvement and their communication and problem-solving abilities. The pilot project was carried out in the production lines where vanilla extracts were being produced. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle technique was used in this study to improve productivity in the production process. The pitch diagram was used as a supportive tool. The two prominent techniques that mainly contributed to the increase in productivity were the PDCA cycle and the pitch diagram. Kaizen implementation led to a 37% increase in the company's total productivity. To increase productivity even further, water tapping and measurement were merged. As a result, it took just 2 minutes instead of 5 to fill a bottle with 20 liters of water. This study concludes that the Kaizen philosophy and elimination of non-value-adding tasks from the production process improve output.

The recruitment functions of human resources have transitioned from a conventional paper-based system to utilizing the internet through electronic recruitment portals. Electronic recruitment is widely recognized as a strategy that organizations utilize to attract people who possess the necessary education, experience, and abilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence job-seekers' utilization of e-recruitment platforms for job applications in the public sector of Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data from Dodoma City. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 384 job applicants. The interview method was used to acquire qualitative data from ICT officials of PSRS. Job-seekers were chosen through the utilization of a random sample technique, whereas PSRS ICT officials were deliberately recruited. The study's findings indicate that there is a positive and significant correlation between job seekers' use of e-recruitment and their ICT competencies. Thus, the study determined that ICT competencies play a vital role in determining the utilization of the e-recruitment portal of PSRS for job applications. Therefore, the study suggests that PSRS should revamp its portal to enhance its user-friendliness.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the suitability of blockchain technology for improving the efficiency of supply chain operations in the public sector in Tanzania. Blockchain technology (BT) is a contemporary and rapidly growing technology that has gained widespread popularity globally due to its capacity to connect several stakeholders (blocks) worldwide with the aim of enhancing efficiency in business transactions. With this perspective in mind, the researcher was driven to evaluate the capabilities of blockchain technology in the field of supply chain in Tanzania. This evaluation concentrated on three distinct areas: the degree of public awareness of blockchain technology, the strategies used by public bodies to use blockchain technology, and the significant issues that obstruct the implementation of blockchain technology. The study utilized network theory as a framework to analyze the findings. It employed a descriptive survey approach, with a sample size of 192 respondents who were engaged as registered procurement experts in public institutions. In collecting data from respondents, structured questionnaires were prepared using Google Forms and submitted to respondents through their e-mails. A total of 154 questionnaires were properly filled out and submitted, for a response rate of 80.2%. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that 74.7% of the respondents are unaware of the application of blockchain technology in supply chain operations. In terms of practice, the majority of public entities (67%) use e-payment as the main application of blockchain technology. Additionally, 64% of the respondents identified technical issues and a lack of understanding as the main challenges affecting the application of blockchain technology. Moreover, the study demonstrates a robust correlation between the utilization of blockchain technology and the enhancement of efficiency in supply chain operations. Ultimately, the study suggests implementing an extensive awareness campaign targeted at practitioners in order to enhance the rate of adoption and fully use the capabilities of blockchain technology in Tanzania.

This study examined the influence of customer experience on the preference for online bus booking services in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aims to: i) Determine the influence of familiarity with online booking services on the customer preference for online bus booking services, ii) Examine the influence of perception on the customer preference for online booking services, iii) Examine the influence of customer satisfaction on the customer preference for online bus booking services. The study employed a convergent parallel research design whereas both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. A sample of 384 users of buses for their transport was involved using a questionnaire that was administered through Google form as one of the web-based tools. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis whereas quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics whereas mean scores, standard deviations, frequency, and percent were computed. Further, a binary logistic regression model was performed to analyze quantitative data. The findings show that customer perception and satisfaction were statistically significant in influencing customers’ preference for online bus booking. The study recommends to all key players in the bus transport sector make use of the findings to enrich policies and strategies in the adoption of online bus booking.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has remained a major source of food security and income generation for most developing countries including Tanzania due to its ability to drought and disease resistance. At present, its production in Tanzania stands at 630,000 tons while the country's market demand is expected to grow at 7% by 2026.  Therefore, this study assessed the contribution of cassava production and marketing on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Tanzania particularly in the Dodoma region, so as to explore its potential contributions to the society welfare. A cross-sectional research design was employed whereby a multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample of 240 cassava smallholder farmers from four districts in the Dodoma region namely Kondoa, Chemba, Kongwa, and Mpwapwa. Quantitative data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires and focus group discussion, interview and observation methods also were used in collecting qualitative data from the study area. Content analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data.  A binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the contribution of cassava production and marketing on smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in the region. The findings from the study indicated that family size, farmers’ experience, land size, education, number of visits by extension, and market access statistically were significant with showed a positive relationship with the improvement in the livelihood of farmers in the selected districts. On the other hand, transportation costs showed a negative relation with the improvement of farmers’ livelihood. Generally, it can be concluded that an increase in production and improvement in marketing variables could contribute much to the improvement of smallholder farmers’ livelihood.  Based on these findings, it is recommended that Ministries responsible for cassava production and marketing which included the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Trade focus more on the design, promotion, and implementation of policies and programs that are intended to enhance cassava production in rural areas and increase the provision of best farming practices through employing more extension officers.

Worldwide, unemployment is a challenging aspect that faces most of the graduate students. Based on that, students in colleges and universities currently, are clearly aware that they have to engage in self-employment through entrepreneurship. Moreover, the establishment of innovation hubs during collaging has propounded to help upbringings different entrepreneurial and creativity treats among students. Apart from performing incubation of the business ideas, the innovation hubs could be a free innovative centre where students, stakeholders, lecturers, and alumnae meet, work, and collaborate on the range of innovative augmented ideas to stimulate entrepreneur intention.  Colleges and universities do not have a proper plan to expose students to practical business environments while studying. Therefore, through mixed research design, this study entails to design and develop a participatory contextual model that will enhance the College of Business Education to establish a free space as the innovation hub for incubating talents, entrepreneurial ideas and research focused on solution-based for students and lecturers. A total of 132 respondents consisting of 20 instructors; 100 students and 12 entrepreneurial practitioners were involved in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and documentary review. The obtained data were analysed through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Based on the findings, it is evident that establishing an incubation and innovation hub within the CBE community is necessary. The findings provide valuable insights into the participants' perceptions and highlight various aspects that should be considered during establishing and implementing the hub. Moreover, the findings stipulate that the incubation and innovation hub should incorporate the prototype environment that includes mindset change programmes, regular training, internship programmes, effective incubation practices, strong mentorship and coaching programmes, and a clear exit strategy that can enhance the entrepreneurial skills and capabilities of incubates