Explore the evidence.
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Etkin Piyasalar Hipotezi ve Davran??sal Finans, finansal literatürün kar??t argümanlar? savunan iki temel modelini olu?turmaktad?r. Bunlardan ilki yat?r?mc?lar? rasyonel olarak kabul ederken di?eri ise yat?r?mc?lar? normal olarak ifade etmektedir. Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi’ne göre piyasalar bilgisel olarak daima etkindir. Hisseler en nihayetinde denge fiyat?na ula?acakt?r. Ya?anan finansal krizler ise k?sa dönemli düzeltme hareketleridir. Davran??sal finans, alternatif bir model olarak geli?tirilmi?tir. Buna göre yat?r?mc?lar farkl? bilgilere farkl? zamanlarda ula?maktad?r ve onlar? farkl? de?erlendirmektedir. Yat?r?m kararlar? psikolojik ve duygusal faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Yat?r?mc?lar?n makine olarak görülmesi kabul edilemez. Davran??sal finans çok daha yeni bir konumdad?r ve çok say?da yeni çal??maya ihtiyaç duymaktad?r. Bununla birlikte iki teori aras?ndaki çat??ma yeni finansal krizlerin önlenmesi aç?s?ndan çok önemlidir. Yak?n gelecekte teorilerin kar??t olmaktan ziyade tamamlay?c? olarak kullan?lmas? beklenmektedir.   

I explore company characteristics which explain the difference in analysts’ recommendations for companies that were underwritten (affiliated) versus non-underwritten (unaffiliated) by analysts’ brokerage firms. Prior literature documents that analysts issue more optimistic recommendations to underwriting clients of analysts’ brokerage employers. Extant research uses regression models to find general associations between recommendations and financial qualities of companies, with or without underwriting relationship. However, regression models cannot identify the qualities that cause the most difference in recommendations between affiliated versus unaffiliated companies. I adopt uplift random forest model, a popular technique in recent marketing and healthcare research, to identify the type of companies that earn analysts’ favor. I find that companies of stable earnings in the past, higher book-to-market ratio, smaller sizes, worsened earnings, and lower forward PE ratio are likely to receive higher recommendations if  they are affiliated with analysts than if they are unaffiliated with analysts. With uplift random forest model, I show that analysts pay more attention on price-related than earnings-related matrices when they value affiliated versus unaffiliated companies. This paper contributes to the literature by introducing an effective predictive model to capital market research and shedding additional light on the usefulness of analysts’ reports.

Yat?r?m f?rsatlar?n?n de?erlendirilmesi süreci beklenen getiri ve riskin ölçümüne ba?l?d?r. Finansal Varl?klar? Fiyatlama Modeli (FVFM), çok uzun y?llard?r modern finans teorisinin temel ta?lar?ndan bir tanesini olu?turmaktad?r. Model, varl?klar?n beklenen getirisi ve sistematik riski aras?ndaki basit do?rusal ili?kiyi ortaya koymaktad?r. Model halen, sermaye maliyetinin hesaplanmas?, portföy yönetiminin performans?n?n ölçülmesi ve yat?r?mlar?n de?erlendirilmesi amac?yla kullan?lmaktad?r. FVFM’in çekicili?i, beklenen getiri ve risk aras?ndaki ili?kinin ölçümlenmesi konusundaki güçlü tahmin yetene?inden gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte modelin bu yetene?i 30 y?l? a?k?n bir süredir akademisyenler ve uygulamac?lar taraf?ndan sorgulanmaktad?r. Tart??malar büyük ölçüde ampirik düzeyde gerçekle?tirilmektedir. FVFM’in ampirik düzeydeki problemleri, çok say?da basitle?tirilmi? varsay?m? içermesi nedeniyle teorik hatalard?r. Çok say?daki gerçekçi olmayan varsay?m modeli pratik olarak kullan??s?z hale getirmektedir. Model ile ilgili temel ele?tiriler ise risksiz faiz oran?, pazar portföyü ve beta katsay? üzerinde yo?unla?maktad?r. Bu çal??mada, modelin varsay?mlar? ve temel bulgular?n?n yan? s?ra uygulamas?na yönelik yap?lan ele?tiriler ele al?nacakt?r.

Over the past fifty years, economic growth in emerging markets has been supported by investments in capital and technology from the developed world. The benefit of this development for the emerging markets, as measured by growth in income, employment, and wealth, is immediately apparent. There have also been significant advantages for the developed world through opportunities for higher risk adjusted returns from investments in emerging markets. This study explores the benefits of the diversification of global government bond portfolio, and provides complete performance evaluations of DMs with or without South Africa emerging market (SAEM) bonds. The study examines the benefits of inclusion of SAEM bonds in DMs, the degrees of financial integration among the research markets, the relative bond returns of dynamic factor models with time-varying coefficients and the robust tests of bond portfolio performance between DMs with SAEM and bond index. The results of this study provide important implications for global investors by identifying diversification gains in SAEM.

<p>The paper concentrates on value and size effects in country portfolios. It contributes to academic literature threefold. First, I provide fresh evidence that the value and size effects may be useful in explaining the cross-sectional variation in country returns. The computations are based on a broad sample of 66 countries in years 2000-2013. Second, I document that the country-level value and size effects are indifferent to currency conversions. Finally, I introduce an alternative macro-level Fama-French model, which, contrary to its prototype, employs country-based factors. I show that applying this modification makes the model more successful in evaluation of funds with global investment mandate than the standard CAPM and FF models.</p>

I explore company characteristics which explain the difference in analysts’ recommendations for companies that were underwritten (affiliated) versus non-underwritten (unaffiliated) by analysts’ brokerage firms. Prior literature documents that analysts issue more optimistic recommendations to underwriting clients of analysts’ brokerage employers. Extant research uses regression models to find general associations between recommendations and financial qualities of companies, with or without underwriting relationship. However, regression models cannot identify the qualities that cause the most difference in recommendations between affiliated versus unaffiliated companies. I adopt uplift random forest model, a popular technique in recent marketing and healthcare research, to identify the type of companies that earn analysts’ favor. I find that companies of stable earnings in the past, higher book-to-market ratio, smaller sizes, worsened earnings, and lower forward PE ratio are likely to receive higher recommendations if  they are affiliated with analysts than if they are unaffiliated with analysts. With uplift random forest model, I show that analysts pay more attention on price-related than earnings-related matrices when they value affiliated versus unaffiliated companies. This paper contributes to the literature by introducing an effective predictive model to capital market research and shedding additional light on the usefulness of analysts’ reports.

Yat?r?m f?rsatlar?n?n de?erlendirilmesi süreci beklenen getiri ve riskin ölçümüne ba?l?d?r. Finansal Varl?klar? Fiyatlama Modeli (FVFM), çok uzun y?llard?r modern finans teorisinin temel ta?lar?ndan bir tanesini olu?turmaktad?r. Model, varl?klar?n beklenen getirisi ve sistematik riski aras?ndaki basit do?rusal ili?kiyi ortaya koymaktad?r. Model halen, sermaye maliyetinin hesaplanmas?, portföy yönetiminin performans?n?n ölçülmesi ve yat?r?mlar?n de?erlendirilmesi amac?yla kullan?lmaktad?r. FVFM’in çekicili?i, beklenen getiri ve risk aras?ndaki ili?kinin ölçümlenmesi konusundaki güçlü tahmin yetene?inden gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte modelin bu yetene?i 30 y?l? a?k?n bir süredir akademisyenler ve uygulamac?lar taraf?ndan sorgulanmaktad?r. Tart??malar büyük ölçüde ampirik düzeyde gerçekle?tirilmektedir. FVFM’in ampirik düzeydeki problemleri, çok say?da basitle?tirilmi? varsay?m? içermesi nedeniyle teorik hatalard?r. Çok say?daki gerçekçi olmayan varsay?m modeli pratik olarak kullan??s?z hale getirmektedir. Model ile ilgili temel ele?tiriler ise risksiz faiz oran?, pazar portföyü ve beta katsay? üzerinde yo?unla?maktad?r. Bu çal??mada, modelin varsay?mlar? ve temel bulgular?n?n yan? s?ra uygulamas?na yönelik yap?lan ele?tiriler ele al?nacakt?r.

Etkin Piyasalar Hipotezi ve Davran??sal Finans, finansal literatürün kar??t argümanlar? savunan iki temel modelini olu?turmaktad?r. Bunlardan ilki yat?r?mc?lar? rasyonel olarak kabul ederken di?eri ise yat?r?mc?lar? normal olarak ifade etmektedir. Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi’ne göre piyasalar bilgisel olarak daima etkindir. Hisseler en nihayetinde denge fiyat?na ula?acakt?r. Ya?anan finansal krizler ise k?sa dönemli düzeltme hareketleridir. Davran??sal finans, alternatif bir model olarak geli?tirilmi?tir. Buna göre yat?r?mc?lar farkl? bilgilere farkl? zamanlarda ula?maktad?r ve onlar? farkl? de?erlendirmektedir. Yat?r?m kararlar? psikolojik ve duygusal faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Yat?r?mc?lar?n makine olarak görülmesi kabul edilemez. Davran??sal finans çok daha yeni bir konumdad?r ve çok say?da yeni çal??maya ihtiyaç duymaktad?r. Bununla birlikte iki teori aras?ndaki çat??ma yeni finansal krizlerin önlenmesi aç?s?ndan çok önemlidir. Yak?n gelecekte teorilerin kar??t olmaktan ziyade tamamlay?c? olarak kullan?lmas? beklenmektedir.   

Over the past fifty years, economic growth in emerging markets has been supported by investments in capital and technology from the developed world. The benefit of this development for the emerging markets, as measured by growth in income, employment, and wealth, is immediately apparent. There have also been significant advantages for the developed world through opportunities for higher risk adjusted returns from investments in emerging markets. This study explores the benefits of the diversification of global government bond portfolio, and provides complete performance evaluations of DMs with or without South Africa emerging market (SAEM) bonds. The study examines the benefits of inclusion of SAEM bonds in DMs, the degrees of financial integration among the research markets, the relative bond returns of dynamic factor models with time-varying coefficients and the robust tests of bond portfolio performance between DMs with SAEM and bond index. The results of this study provide important implications for global investors by identifying diversification gains in SAEM.

<p>The paper concentrates on value and size effects in country portfolios. It contributes to academic literature threefold. First, I provide fresh evidence that the value and size effects may be useful in explaining the cross-sectional variation in country returns. The computations are based on a broad sample of 66 countries in years 2000-2013. Second, I document that the country-level value and size effects are indifferent to currency conversions. Finally, I introduce an alternative macro-level Fama-French model, which, contrary to its prototype, employs country-based factors. I show that applying this modification makes the model more successful in evaluation of funds with global investment mandate than the standard CAPM and FF models.</p>