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This exploratory qualitative study investigates the systemic factors contributing to persistent failures in strategic planning within law enforcement organisations. Drawing on 25 semi-structured interviews with strategic planners, station commanders, middle managers, and senior law enforcement managers, the study examines how organisational experiences, perceptions, and institutional dynamics shape the development and implementation of strategic plans. Guided by Systems Theory, New Public Management, Public Value Theory, and Evidence-Based Policing, the study applies Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to identify critical weaknesses in environmental scanning, leadership stability, evidence utilisation, organisational capacity, resource allocation, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The findings reveal that strategic planning failures are deeply rooted in governance gaps, fragmented organisational processes, and inadequate analytical and institutional capacity. The study refines the Integrated Strategic Planning Model for Law Enforcement (ISP-LE) and offers practical recommendations to strengthen evidence-informed, democratically aligned, and operationally grounded planning. Implications for policy, organisational reform, and future research are discussed.

There are numerous obstacles that local government managers still have to overcome have given rise to fresh and creative ideas for providing their communities with high-quality services at lower costs. Delivery of services in a cooperative manner It is becoming more common for the public sector to use civil society and/or the private sector to offer public goods and services. Three significant facets of these developing relationships are examined by the author in this article. Numerous such creative initiatives have surfaced as a result of the local government's cooperation with corporate, nonprofit, or other public organizations. However, before delving into this matter, the paper discusses why public partnerships are necessary in South Africa in order  to get quality services, and then specific instances of cooperative service quality projects are discussed. This article offers a viewpoint to emphasize crucial considerations that local officials should make when determining which services could profit from these kinds of partnerships and which type of cooperation might be most likely to assist a community in reaching its objectives.

This study examines the institutional ecosystem of public safety in South Africa by evaluating collaborative governance between the South African Police Service (SAPS) and Community Policing Forums (CPFs). The study explores how resource constraints, institutional trust deficits, and accountability tensions affect the co-production of public safety, which constitutes a critical form of socio-economic infrastructure for communities and local business environments. Guided by ecosystem governance and co-production perspectives, the study adopted a qualitative research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with SAPS officials, CPF executives, and community and business stakeholders within the Bothaville policing district in the Free State Province. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 20 information-rich participants with direct experience of public safety governance and community policing initiatives. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings reveal systemic weaknesses within the local public safety ecosystem. While participants acknowledged the importance of collaborative and proactive approaches to crime prevention, the effectiveness of these arrangements was constrained by severe resource shortages, declining institutional trust, and a misalignment of accountability between police and community stakeholders. The study found that competing interpretations of oversight, authority, and responsibility undermine stakeholder cooperation, information sharing, and the collective capacity to co-produce public safety outcomes. The findings suggest that strengthening public safety ecosystems requires formal mechanisms that promote transparency, accountability, and stakeholder collaboration. CPFs should be strategically supported as platforms for mobilising community participation, facilitating information sharing, coordinating local risk-management initiatives, and strengthening police-community partnerships. This study advances scholarship on collaborative governance by conceptualising public safety as an institutional ecosystem shaped by stakeholder interdependence, trust, accountability, and resource capacity. It contributes to the ecosystem governance and co-production literature by demonstrating how governance failures within stakeholder networks constrain the effective delivery of public safety in resource-constrained emerging-economy contexts.

Financial education has gained global attention as essential to financial well-being, yet national strategies often remain fragmented in design and implementation, constraining policy coherence. To address this fragmentation, this article explores the South African financial education ecosystem through a collaborative governance lens to enhance international efforts for sustained, coordinated policy approaches. The Quintuple Helix Model and the Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance informed a deductive qualitative analysis of statutory law, policy documents, and grey literature to delineate the mandates of key ecosystem actors. The findings reveal four categories—highly formal, semi-formal, knowledge-based and informal. The article introduces a novel Collaboration Mandate Framework for financial education within a governance regime to assist diverse actors in tackling South Africa’s persistent socio-economic challenges. The article concludes that operationalizing a financial education collaborative governance regime offers a viable pathway to enhance policy coherence, strengthen multi-actor collaboration, and improve financial well-being in South Africa.

As aesthetic education extends beyond the classroom, it no longer concerns only individual cultivation of aesthetic sensibility, but also involves the formation of public value. However, existing studies remain insufficient in explaining how it is constructed as public value through cross-organizational collaboration within local contexts. Therefore, positioned as a conceptual paper with an illustrative policy-case orientation, this study adopts a public value management perspective to analyze the interactions among governments, schools, communities, and arts nonprofit organizations in the process of publicizing aesthetic education. The Taiwanese policy and practice examples are used as illustrative cases to clarify how cross-organizational collaboration supports the proposed framework, rather than as empirical cases for comparative or generalizable case-study analysis. The findings indicate that the public value of aesthetic education is not naturally generated by policies or curricula; rather, it is gradually formed through continuous coordination, integration, and collaboration among multiple actors, in which arts nonprofit organizations play a central intermediary role. Finally, this study proposes a cross-organizational construction mechanism as a reference for cultural governance and educational practice.

This study examines the institutional ecosystem of public safety in South Africa by evaluating collaborative governance between the South African Police Service (SAPS) and Community Policing Forums (CPFs). The study explores how resource constraints, institutional trust deficits, and accountability tensions affect the co-production of public safety, which constitutes a critical form of socio-economic infrastructure for communities and local business environments. Guided by ecosystem governance and co-production perspectives, the study adopted a qualitative research design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with SAPS officials, CPF executives, and community and business stakeholders within the Bothaville policing district in the Free State Province. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 20 information-rich participants with direct experience of public safety governance and community policing initiatives. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings reveal systemic weaknesses within the local public safety ecosystem. While participants acknowledged the importance of collaborative and proactive approaches to crime prevention, the effectiveness of these arrangements was constrained by severe resource shortages, declining institutional trust, and a misalignment of accountability between police and community stakeholders. The study found that competing interpretations of oversight, authority, and responsibility undermine stakeholder cooperation, information sharing, and the collective capacity to co-produce public safety outcomes. The findings suggest that strengthening public safety ecosystems requires formal mechanisms that promote transparency, accountability, and stakeholder collaboration. CPFs should be strategically supported as platforms for mobilising community participation, facilitating information sharing, coordinating local risk-management initiatives, and strengthening police-community partnerships. This study advances scholarship on collaborative governance by conceptualising public safety as an institutional ecosystem shaped by stakeholder interdependence, trust, accountability, and resource capacity. It contributes to the ecosystem governance and co-production literature by demonstrating how governance failures within stakeholder networks constrain the effective delivery of public safety in resource-constrained emerging-economy contexts.

Financial education has gained global attention as essential to financial well-being, yet national strategies often remain fragmented in design and implementation, constraining policy coherence. To address this fragmentation, this article explores the South African financial education ecosystem through a collaborative governance lens to enhance international efforts for sustained, coordinated policy approaches. The Quintuple Helix Model and the Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance informed a deductive qualitative analysis of statutory law, policy documents, and grey literature to delineate the mandates of key ecosystem actors. The findings reveal four categories—highly formal, semi-formal, knowledge-based and informal. The article introduces a novel Collaboration Mandate Framework for financial education within a governance regime to assist diverse actors in tackling South Africa’s persistent socio-economic challenges. The article concludes that operationalizing a financial education collaborative governance regime offers a viable pathway to enhance policy coherence, strengthen multi-actor collaboration, and improve financial well-being in South Africa.

As aesthetic education extends beyond the classroom, it no longer concerns only individual cultivation of aesthetic sensibility, but also involves the formation of public value. However, existing studies remain insufficient in explaining how it is constructed as public value through cross-organizational collaboration within local contexts. Therefore, positioned as a conceptual paper with an illustrative policy-case orientation, this study adopts a public value management perspective to analyze the interactions among governments, schools, communities, and arts nonprofit organizations in the process of publicizing aesthetic education. The Taiwanese policy and practice examples are used as illustrative cases to clarify how cross-organizational collaboration supports the proposed framework, rather than as empirical cases for comparative or generalizable case-study analysis. The findings indicate that the public value of aesthetic education is not naturally generated by policies or curricula; rather, it is gradually formed through continuous coordination, integration, and collaboration among multiple actors, in which arts nonprofit organizations play a central intermediary role. Finally, this study proposes a cross-organizational construction mechanism as a reference for cultural governance and educational practice.

This exploratory qualitative study investigates the systemic factors contributing to persistent failures in strategic planning within law enforcement organisations. Drawing on 25 semi-structured interviews with strategic planners, station commanders, middle managers, and senior law enforcement managers, the study examines how organisational experiences, perceptions, and institutional dynamics shape the development and implementation of strategic plans. Guided by Systems Theory, New Public Management, Public Value Theory, and Evidence-Based Policing, the study applies Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to identify critical weaknesses in environmental scanning, leadership stability, evidence utilisation, organisational capacity, resource allocation, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The findings reveal that strategic planning failures are deeply rooted in governance gaps, fragmented organisational processes, and inadequate analytical and institutional capacity. The study refines the Integrated Strategic Planning Model for Law Enforcement (ISP-LE) and offers practical recommendations to strengthen evidence-informed, democratically aligned, and operationally grounded planning. Implications for policy, organisational reform, and future research are discussed.

There are numerous obstacles that local government managers still have to overcome have given rise to fresh and creative ideas for providing their communities with high-quality services at lower costs. Delivery of services in a cooperative manner It is becoming more common for the public sector to use civil society and/or the private sector to offer public goods and services. Three significant facets of these developing relationships are examined by the author in this article. Numerous such creative initiatives have surfaced as a result of the local government's cooperation with corporate, nonprofit, or other public organizations. However, before delving into this matter, the paper discusses why public partnerships are necessary in South Africa in order  to get quality services, and then specific instances of cooperative service quality projects are discussed. This article offers a viewpoint to emphasize crucial considerations that local officials should make when determining which services could profit from these kinds of partnerships and which type of cooperation might be most likely to assist a community in reaching its objectives.