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<em>Dünyada sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sağlık bilincinin oluşturulması için birey temelli uygulamalara odaklanılmış ve bu kapsamda sağlık okuryazarlığı (SO) kavramı gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. SO, bireylere kendi sağlık kararları ile ilgili doğru tercihlerde bulunma yetisinin kazandırılması yanında tıbbi bilgileri doğru anlama, yorumlama ve sağlığı ile ilgili uygun kararları verecek davranışlar geliştirmesinin sağlanmasını ifade etmektedir. Bireylerin demografik özellikleri, genetik faktörler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, hastalıkları yönetme şekli, sosyoekonomik özellikleri gibi pek çok faktör ile ilişkilendirilebilen sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yetersizliği elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlık hizmetlerine tahsis edilen kaynakların aşırı ya da gerektiği gibi kullanılmamasına neden olmaktadır.Bu çalışma ile yetersiz SO’nın sağlık harcamalarına olan etkilerinin analiz edilmesi ve Türkiye (TR)’nin sağlık harcamaları içerisinde yetersiz SO’dan kaynaklanan mali yükün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Vernon ve Diğerlerinin (2007), Friedland (2002)’nin varsayımlarını kullanarak geliştirdiği maliyet tahmin modeli ile Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışanları Sendikası tarafından 2014 yılında yayınlanan “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması”nın verileri kullanılarak TR için yetersiz SO’nın tahmini maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır.</em>

<p><em>The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the bank lending channel exist or not. Within this context, quarterly data of for the periods between 2002q1 and 2016q4 was taken into the consideration. Additionally, VAR model was used to reach the objective. According to the result of impulse response function, it was reached that</em><em> producer price index, real exchange rate and policy rate are effective determinants. Additionally, banks balance sheet has important and positive influence on total credits but industrial production index is regarded as partially effective. While considering this result, it was also found that both bank balance and macroeconomic variables used in this study is the main determinants of bank total credit.</em></p>

<p><em>In this study, we investigate factors affecting net interest margin (NIM) of commercial banks in Turkey. Especially, our results highlight the relation between unconventional monetary policy shocks and bank margins. To this end, first, we conduct an identification analysis about which parameters of asymmetric interest corridor framework are important in explaining variations in NIM. Using industry-level data, we show that there exists a pass through from BIST interbank overnight repo/reverse repo market rate and weighted average cost of funding (WACF) to bank loan and deposit rates. As a result of reduced-form Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis we find the existence of a transmission mechanism from BIST rate and WACF to commercial loan rate, consumer loan rate and deposit rate. Same pass through to loan and deposit rates is also shown in individual bank level with the Panel Vector Autoregression (Panel VAR) analysis in the case of 16 commercial banks in Turkey during the period 2011Q1-2016Q1. After the identification analysis, we examine the relationship between NIM and policy rates through System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques by controlling bank specific, industry related and macroeconomic factors. We find that a change in the monetary policy rate has significant and positive impact on NIM. Among bank-specific factors, equity ratio and operating expenses are found to be significantly affecting NIM during the sample period. Our empirical findings also stress the significance of lag values of NIM. Estimations conducted with standardized variables indicate that economic significance of lag values and bank specific variables are larger than that of policy.</em></p>

Energy is one of the most important dynamics of economic growth all over the world. Specially developing countries are in need of much more enery to provide economic growth. In this study, the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, inflation and trade openness is exaimined by using structural VAR model for fragile five countries which have similar characteristics in terms of macroeconomic indicators. The analysis carried out with annual data that contains 1971-2013 period for fragile countries which contains of Turkey, South Africa, India, Indonesia and Brazil. According to the empirical results of the study, shocks that emerged in economic growth affect energy consumption positively but decreasingly in all countries. A substantial part of changes in energy consumption are explaned with economic growth in Turkey, India and Brazil. More than 80 percent of changes in energy consumption arise from energy consumption in South Africa and Indonesia.

Aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between intentional leadership styles and innovation. Research, was held in Istanbul Sisli, at the one of Turkey's largest logistics company. A total of 7000 people, including 1200 mid-level executives and 100 senior executives, are in operation. The survey was conducted with the participation of 100 senior managers. Working with this content is a case study. As a result of analysis of research data; it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between the general leadership scale and the autocracy, democracy, humanism, bureaucracy and charismatic subordinate to it. Another meaningful relationship was found between leadership scale sub-dimensions and autocracy and innovation scale. A statistically significant difference was not found between the variables except this.

This research aims to investigate the relation of the innovation types such as service innovation, process innovation and management innovation with the performance. Additionally, this study will also focus on whether there is a mediator role of technological capability and organizational learning on performance. The research data were collected from 306 principals and teachers working in medium-large scaled high schools in Istanbul. The research results showed that, as hypothesized, the types of innovations significantly correlated with the performance. Besides, organizational learning and technological capability had partially a mediating effect in the relationship between the innovation types and performance.

Interest income is considered as forbidden in Islam. Therefore, in Turkey, conservatives generally don’t prefer general banking and by this way funds can’t be used in economic system. So saving deficit can’t be solved in country and saving of people depreciates against inflation. Participation banks which work according to Islamic rules are set up to bring these funds to economy. Participation banking operates in more than 60 countries today and conservatives generally prefer to work with because they are working to principles of profit instead of interest. To attract and persuade more people, at first participation banks should satisfy their customers. In our study we aim to measure customer satisfaction in participation banks in Kastamonu and to reveal the differences between demographic groups. To this aim we conducted a questionnaire to customers of participation banks in Kastamonu.

This study aims to determine the influencing factors of the banks to join corporate social responsibility activities. Within this scope, annual data of 23 deposit banks in Turkey for the periods between 2005 and 2015 was taken into the consideration. In addition to this situation, panel probit model was used in the analysis so as to achieve this objective. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between CSR activities and nonperforming loans ratio. This situation shows that banks do not prefer to make social responsibility activities in case of higher financial losses. In addition to this situation, it was also identified that there is a positive relationship between return on asset and corporate social responsibility activities of the banks. In other words, it can be understood that Turkish deposit banks, which have higher profitability, joint more CSR activities in comparison with others.

Kullanımları dünya genelinde yaygınlaşan sosyal medya siteleri ciro yaratarak karlı birer işletme haline gelebilmek için günümüzde reklam destekli iş modelleri kullanmaktadır. Kullanıcıların ücretsiz olarak kullanmaya alıştığı bu platformlara erişim için ücret ödemek istemeyecekleri varsayımıyla reklam destekli modeller tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma içerisinde sosyal medya sitelerinin en yaygın kullanılanı olan Facebook üzerinde gösterilen reklamlara kullanıcıların tutumları ölçümlenmiş ve bu tutum ve tutumu oluşturan faktörlerin Facebook reklamlarını görmemek için para ödemeye etkisi test edilmiştir. Ödeme eğiliminde olan ve olmayan kullanıcılar arasında farklılar irdelenmiştir. Literatürde kabul görmüş ölçekler yardımıyla hazırlanan anket formu İnternet üzerinden Facebook kullanıcılarına dağıtılmış, elde edilen 327 soru formu bir ön-analiz sürecinden geçirilerek düşük kaliteli ve tam doldurulmamış anketler ayıklanarak 281 kullanılabilir soru formuna ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçlarına göre Facebook reklamlarına olan tutum ve tutumun öncülleri reklamları görmemek için ödeme niyetine olumsuz yönde etki etmektedir.

In today’s business world, social media tools (i.e. facebook, twitter, Linkedin, etc.) begin to play an important role in reaching and communicating with customers for businesses. However, the importance of using social media can’t be still understood by SMEs so far.  Businesses use different social media tools in various purposes in their life. In this research we aim to investigate the ideas of SMEs about social media and their aims of using social media tools. Data were collected from SMEs operating in Burdur by simple random sampling. The data obtained from the 84 questionnaires was entered to computer and statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20 statistical program. In this study, reliability analysis was used firstly. Then, some descriptive analyses were carried out about using social media for SMEs. Finally, a frequency table regarding the social media usage in SMEs was given. As a result, it was seen that 82.1% of SMEs participating in this study have a social network page. Secondly, SMEs are using facebook social media network mostly. In addition, SMEs have expressed that they attend all statements involved in the use of social media scale.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) includes management of materials, products, services, information and financial flows which network of consisting suppliers, manufacturers, logistics service companies, and clients. The individual elements of this chain with coordination and integration of each element to perform themselves ensure successful of SCM. Information technology has a very important role in activities for coordination and integration of supply chain. Acceleration of sharing information, simplification and increasing of reliability provide effective use of time in logistics companies, cost savings like effective management ways. In this prepared study which taking into account the positive impact on supply chain of information technologies, it was investigated on the effectiveness of sharing information of supply chain by examining infrastructure of the information technology, ranging from the production of raw materials to the end user in SCM. The results of the analyses by using the structural equation model indicate that the use of information technology in supply chain management enhances the relationship between buyer-supplier; the enhancement of such relationship improves the quality, safety, and flexibility of products and reduces the cost of products; as a result, it increases firm performance.

Concepts such as retro marketing, retro branding and nostalgia marketing are important issues that have come to the agenda in recent years in our world, which is undergoing intensive change and transformation processes. The longing for past periods can be an important source of marketing work for the consumer. Few scientific studies have been conducted in Turkey for retro marketing. It is possible to carry out researches on retro marketing and retro branding, to test relations with different concepts and to develop the researches in detailed form. The aim of this study is to determine whether the general hypotheses tested in the literature will have the same effect on brands carrying retro marketing activities. The scales for the concepts in the research were taken from the literature and 401 participants were reached by convenience sampling method. As a result of the study, it was detected that the dimensions of retro brand experience affect the intention of re-purchasing and brand loyalty. It has also been observed that the retro brand experience dimensions also affect the retro brand attitude, retro brand credibility and customer satisfaction. Finally, it has been tested whether retro brand attitude, retro brand credibility, and customer satisfaction concepts affect repurchase intention and brand loyalty. As a result, it has been observed that these concepts affect repurchase intention and brand loyalty.


 
 
 
 The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between public policy which brings about within the concept of process model and political environment. In this descriptive study, the answers of three questions will be search which are 1) how do public policies proceed as a process 2) which partners are effective in this process; lastly 3) which kind of relation is available between political environment and public policy specifically. After a comprehensive literature review, the answers of aforementioned questions are supplied in the following; 1) the process flow of public policy includes firstly establishing public policy, secondly problem determination, agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation and lastly evaluation. 2) The main partners of this process are formal, informal and international organizations. 3) Political environment can be descripted as a combination of political systems, political culture and socio-economic conditions which have key determining role on public policy process.
 
 
 

In the area of urban protection and renewal, transfer of construction right (I?HT) and possibilities of use in terms of compensating the rights losses of the owners in nature conservation and agriculture areas that will not be given the right of zoning with other protected areas, military prohibitions and security zones, Principles and application aspects of the program and the possibilities of development and implementation of the ITR program in Turkey have been evaluated. In this study, the outline of the IPR in accordance with the conditions of the country has been put forward in working on the basis of the analysis of the comprehensive literature and practice examples in selected countries.


 
 
 
 ncreased technological development and the innovations and conveniences offered to consumers encourage to companies day by day for different practices in order to gain competitive advantage. Although firms are often observed to bring innovations to the product in order to be perceived by consumers as superior to firms' competitors, it is obvious that they will not be enough alone. For this reason, companies have begun to implement innovative strategies in pricing strategies increasingly. One of the most remarkable of these strategies is the pay-what- you-want pricing method. In this method, the seller transfers the authority of determining the price to the consumer entirely. In the study, a literature review was performed on pay what you want pricing and factors affecting the voluntary payment in aforesaid pricing method have been established. In addition, the pay-what-you-want pricing method is discussed from a theoretical perspective.
 
 
 

Rapid urbanization and the advances in Information and Communication Technology have changed the definition of "city" all over the world. In the beginning, the concept emerged as Digital Cities and gradually changed to Smart Cities bringing criteria along. It is inevitable that, in future the concept will change and develop new criteria. There are many components in the smart city, with the knowledge of the idea of "information and communication technologies", which is the focus of smart cities and the cities of the future. The ability to define cities as smart is possible through the development of balanced applications around these applications. In this study, the Istanbul city will be evaluated in the context of smart city studies while it is presented with components of smart city concept.

This study has been conducted to detect the strengths and the improvement requiring areas of sea transportation in Turkey via SWOT analysis, and the opportunities this sector brings to Turkey and the threats that might appear have been put forward in several aspects. When the necessary advances have been made considering the outcomes of this study, it can be foreseen that Turkish navigation can make a swift progress and assume its place in the top 5 mercantile fleets of the World Trade Fleet. Moreover, this new approach that can be developed through the example of Turkey, especially in the context of SWOT analysis methodology, can get to be seen as a role model before the other developing countries.Sea transportation is not merely a transportation sector. Along with goods and human transportation, ship building industry, port services, sea insurance and sea tourism are among the many naval activities. Because of all these, sea transportation has a significant place in international trade. The overall commercial value of world trade mounting up to 15 trillion US dollars, 9 trillion dollars of this has been conducted via sea transportation. In other words, 60 percent of world commerce has been done through sea transportation (GISBIR, 2013). Furthermore, the volume of the dry bulk market via sea transportation is expected to grow by 6 percent between the years 2014 and 2018 (GISBIR, 2013).

Migration, which consists of quite complex components, is a concept subjected in many scientific research areas. Internal migration refers a migration occurred in the boundaries of a country. Migration in Turkey usually tends to be directed towards larger and more industrialized provinces. Nevertheless, there exists a density on the direction of certain provinces such as migration from Erzurum to Bursa. Nowadays, the proceeding of the migration flows between Erzurum and Bursa since 1980’s is another point which necessitates to be examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the migration between Erzurum and Bursa by using compartment models in the 1980-2015 period. The paper performs compartment models to explain the changes of migration flows in terms of gross domestic product, unemployment rate, and time. According to the results, there is a significant increase in migration from Erzurum to Bursa depending on the time of migration and unemployment rate. Nonetheless, there is no significant change related with the gross domestic product. In addition, the study has shown that migration increases as unemployment rate decreases; but there is no significant change in migration depending on time and gross domestic product from Bursa to Erzurum.

A new technology’s acceptance also gets shaped according to users’ features, expectations and perceptions. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that developed by Davis (1989), defends that there are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use variables to determinants of a new technology’s usage by user. These perceptions predict the user’s behavior and explain it. The smart board that has common usage in modern classrooms provides effectiveness at education and learning activities. Teachers who use smart boards can present more effectively. This situation increases the teacher’s productivity and student’s learning success and improvement the class’s education quality. Existence of the smart board in the classroom motivates all by self. Thanks to this technological device, it is easy to access internet based study materials. This study’s purpose is testing the user features explanation power effects to usage of smart board, which is a new education tool, based on TAM variables. For performing of the research, surveys have actualized with 24 teachers at Bartin High School with smart boards. Survey data have been interpreted based on correlation, factor and regression analyses in WarpPLS 5.0. Results have been concluded from analyse strongly supports research model.

In this study giving general information about factoring, which is an alternative financing technique, regarding the recognition of the factoring transactions within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards, by presenting a sample application in particular regard of an export transaction in relation to the accounting records which have to be done by the company that gives factoring service and receives the factoring service, a contribution to the acconting literature is put forward. In the study, it is shown that, even though the Uniform Accounting Plan which the factoring companies and the companies which use a factoring service in their accounting records differ from each other, recognition of it within the scope of the Turkish Accounting Standards is a basis. The fundamental principle of the accounting records of the company which assigns the receivables that generate from the exporting by entering into an agreement of factoring is the recognition of the income according to the fair value, by reflecting the amount which the income waits to gain the when assigning, and by separating the income which is actualised and not actualised.