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The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the specific challenges faced by incarcerated students in a distance learning environment and to explore effective strategies for managing their academic endeavors. The study intentionally selected twelve incarcerated inmates who were currently enrolled in various educational programs. The data were acquired through the process of conducting audio-recorded interviews, which were then transcribed verbatim by a proficient transcriber. The author employed an interpretive paradigm to examine the data and derive significant conclusions. The findings demonstrated that the amalgamation of resilience and determination had a crucial role in empowering students to overcome the barriers impeding their education. In addition, students have employed controlled internet access in prisons and the incorporation of technology-enhanced learning alongside traditional classroom teaching as essential methods to properly manage their academic studies. These strategies prioritize the need to enhance the accessibility of educational resources and support networks within prisons in order to enhance the educational accomplishments of incarcerated individuals. The study's findings suggest that it is crucial to make practical and policy changes in order to effectively meet the specific needs of incarcerated students engaged in remote learning programs.  Typical barriers include (i) restricted technology access, (ii) limited finances, and (iii) the challenge of staying focused in a distracting setting. Notwithstanding these challenges, the participants shown exceptional tenacity and resolve, utilizing diverse tactics to effectively handle their academic pursuits. The success of these individuals was influenced by several key variables, such as the assistance provided by prison education officers, the capacity to effectively employ restricted technical tools, and the self-discipline to establish organized study routines.

Abstract Although significant research has already been conducted on the intricacies of the criminal record in South Africa and internationally, literature points to a disjuncture between research and policy, especially around topics relating to access to higher education (HE) and admission to professional registration councils by formerly incarcerated students (FIS) with a criminal record. This qualitative case study incorporated a discourse analysis approach to determine the tone of 23 policy documents. In addition, twelve participants were purposefully sampled to share their lived experiences regarding the regulation and reintegration of FIS when applying for admission to HE and professional registration councils and potential employment upon completion of their studies. The findings indicate that the construction of legal documents and application forms allows higher education institutions and professional registration councils to access students' personal data, such as their criminal records. This leads to implementing measures that exclude certain individuals, which in turn obstructs the effective social reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals into the workforce. The study recommends the implementation of a South African research-based HE policy aimed at addressing the systemic injustices that regulate the simultaneous admission and rejection of FIS when applying to access HE and admission to professional registration councils. Keywords: higher education, professional registration councils, criminal record checks, offender reintegration, South Africa.

Over the three decades, the democratic dispensation ushered in transformative constitutionalism which is an ideal model to anchor constitutionalism and respect for human rights in South Africa. Female offenders are the key informants of this study, as they are the end-users of the rehabilitation programmes that the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) offers. A qualitative technique was used for this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 10 female ex-offenders, who have been enrolled in rehabilitative programmes were selected using purposive sampling to explore their experiences and or views. The findings of this study indicate that lack of offense-specific programmes s results in recidivism and offenders re-entering the correctional system to repeat the same programmes to meet their parole requirements. Furthermore, highlighted in the findings is the magnitude of the lack of understanding among most criminal justice professionals regarding the actual need for the programmes earmarked for female offenders. The risk factors of female offending identified within this study include poverty, anger, and drug use. Although the DCS has firm policy documents in place, implementing these has failed the offenders and negatively impacted recidivism rates.