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This study mainly aimed to examine the impact of the COSO’s internal control system components (Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information-Communication, Monitoring) on corporate governance principles (justice, transparency, accountability and responsibility) through the example of a leading educational foundation in Türkiye. In the study, it was investigated whether there was a significant relationship between the perceptions of employees regarding the effects of the internal control system components on corporate governance. It was also investigated whether these perceptions differed according to demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education, length of service, position. Methodologically, a descriptive online survey method including a questionnaire was applied to collect data. The survey was sent to 234 participants in different departments and positions working in the foundation, and 197 employees responded. The data were analyzed with SPSS-22. The survey, which was suitable for a 5-point Likert scale, included statements regarding demographic characteristics and COSO’s main internal control components and corporate governance principles. The study concluded that all COSO components have a significant and positive relationship with corporate governance principles. In addition, a stronger relationship was revealed between transparency and accountability principles and internal control components compared to others. Furthermore, it was indicated that these perceptions differed according to demographic characteristics. While significant differences were found in perceptions according to demographic characteristics such as gender, age and position, no differences were found according to education and working years criteria. The study is considered to contribute to the literature because it is the first study to examine the impact of the main COSO internal control components on corporate governance principles, together with the example of a leading educational foundation. The study is limited by the selected sample educational foundation, the number of respondents, survey questions-answers, the applied statistical analysis method and tests. Therefore, in order to reach more general results, it is suggested to expand the studies with more diverse and larger numbers of educational foundations, employees, survey questions and statistical methods.

This study examines the correlation between market culture and the dimensions of sustainability performance—economic, environmental, and social—within African Civil Aviation Authorities (ACAAs), while also exploring the mediating influence of corporate governance. A quantitative, cross-sectional methodology was utilised, incorporating data from 371 managers across 54 ACAAs. Data were evaluated with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that market culture exerts a substantial beneficial impact on all three aspects of sustainability performance: economic, environmental, and social. Corporate governance did not act as a mediator in the interaction between market culture and economic sustainability. Furthermore, corporate governance substantially mediated the links between market culture and both environmental and social sustainability performance among ACAAs. The findings underscore the necessity of synchronising organisational culture with governance frameworks to attain holistic sustainability results in the civil aviation sector. This study advances institutional theory by highlighting the interaction between internal cultural and governance structures and institutional forces, hence improving legitimacy and performance in the civil aviation sector.

The conception of corporate governance practices remains a challenge across state entities in developing countries including South Africa. Corporate governance principles such as accountability, responsibility, reliability, ethical standards are core elements of effective and quality performance that spurs quality delivery of primary services. Positivism strategy aided by quantitative primary data was applied. Empirical data was collected through the administration of questionnaires to geographically dispersed 106 participants who were randomly and purposively selected. The authors used a structured questionnaires aided by quantitatively analyses through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Key findings on this paper revealed that all the corporate governance principles contribute to entity’s performance. However, “fairness” largely contributes more to the level of performance. The study recommends policy makers and consultants need to embark on awareness campaigns through educational programmes.   

This study examines how soft skills enhance the audit committee effectiveness in South African municipalities. The paper adopts the positivist paradigm and a quantitative technique. Surveys were conducted using questionnaires, and data was collected from 87 participants using purposive sampling. Data were analysed using the exploratory factor analysis with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) value of 0.716 level and descriptive statistics which indicates that the audit committee's soft skills demonstrate commitment to understanding the operations. The paper’s finding is connected to audit committees in charge of the public sector.  The paper highlights the need for improved audit committee soft skills for good judgement, objectivity and honesty, a high level of ethics, strong communication skills, and freedom from undue influence or intimidation. Further research is needed to examine the role of soft skills on auditors and management in South African municipalities. The Study recommends enhancing audit committee effectiveness in South African municipalities through structured soft skills training and mandatory governance reforms. This includes training programs on leadership and stakeholder engagement, soft skills assessments in audit committee selection, and professional certifications for audit committees. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature by specifically focusing on audit committee soft skills.

This paper examines the effect of audit committee effectiveness on the corporate governance practices of regulatory authorities in Tanzania. Data was collected from 18 regulatory authorities, using a random sample of 241 respondents out of 362 eligible participants consisting of board members, management, accountants, and auditors. A structured survey questionnaire with a 5-Likert scale was used. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software, with a structural equation modeling technique consisting of confirmatory factor analysis to analyze the relationships between independent and dependent variables. The validity and reliability of the survey instrument and collected data were tested and found to be within acceptable limits. The study found that audit committee effectiveness is positively associated with the corporate governance practices of regulatory authorities in Tanzania, with the audit committee advisory role significantly contributing to the audit committee characteristics. The study recommends establishing robust policies on corporate governance practices, particularly establishing the National Corporate Governance Codes to enhance the audit committee's governance role. The Government, policymakers, scholars, boards, audit committees, and other stakeholders may use these results to enhance the practical roles of audit committees. The practical implication of the study includes the urgent need for Tanzania to establish the National Corporate Governance Codes, building capacity for audit committee members, enhancing collaboration between internal auditors and external auditors, and strengthening corporate governance oversight mechanisms. This research is the original work of the authors and has not been studied elsewhere.

This study aims to resolve the inconsistencies in prior research regarding the effects of capital structure, firm size, and good corporate governance (GCG) on company value. Additionally, it investigates the moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the relationship between financial performance and company value, offering new insights into this dynamic interaction. This study utilizes a saturated sample or census approach, including all population members, due to the small population size and the researcher's ability to access the required data. Data from 71 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2022 were obtained from their financial statements and annual reports. A quantitative analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression with the SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results indicate that capital structure, company size, and GCG significantly impact financial performance. Additionally, capital structure was found to significantly affect company value, while company size and GCG did not. Financial performance significantly influenced company value, but CSR did not directly affect company value and did not moderate the relationship between financial performance and company value. 

This study investigates how corporate governance (CG) principles affect the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa, using stewardship theory. Corporate governance (CG) encompasses the regulations, procedures, and mechanisms Overseeing the administration and implementation of a business. Efficient corporate governance (CG) is crucial for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to function with maximum effectiveness and optimise entrepreneurial value. The study seeks to fill this vacuum in information by investigating the impact of using stewardship theory, which prioritises the long-term interests of stakeholders, on the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in KZN.A quantitative approach was employed and a cross-sectional design was employed to survey 217 SMEs in the Durban South area. Descriptive statistics reveal a diversified KZN SME environment, with a predominance of medium-sized businesses, balanced gender representation, and a variety of business ages and educational backgrounds among owners and managers. Inferential statistics show significant correlations between CG principles and financial success metrics of SMEs, particularly affecting returns on invested capital and assets, net profit, asset value, and sales turnover. The results are consistent with earlier studies on the beneficial effects of CG on SME performance. The study is limited to SMEs in the Durban South area and may not be generalizable to other regions. Future research might compare studies across different areas and examine the long-term effects of CG on SMEs to identify optimum practices. The study recommends prioritizing efficient CG procedures tailored to SME needs. It suggests developing business management competencies and advocating for supporting legislation to enhance SME performance.

This study aims to explain the practice of fraud prevention by internal auditors of the local government of Malang City. The research method used is critical ethnomethodology in the local government environment of Malang City. Seven informants served as key informants. The results showed that the internal auditors of the local government of Malang City have not been able to carry out their role optimally, due to the weak legitimacy of internal auditors, community involvement in fraud prevention programs, and partial fraud prevention activities. As a result, the research findings provide an overview of the regional inspectorate's institutional integration with elements authorized to handle fraud cases, such as BPKP and BPK. The findings of this study suggest that the Malang City Inspectorate should gain legitimacy through regulations, government support, and effective and efficient consultation to identify and prevent fraud.

The paper intended to evaluate the extent of corporate disclosure compliance and its effect on the financial performance of Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies listed on the DSE during a twelve-year period, from 2007 to 2020. The study explored the affinity between the Corporate Governance Disclosure Index (CGDI) and firm financial performance employing econometric techniques, such as fixed effect and random effect models. The study calculated the disclosure scores as a percentage of a given firm's overall score to the probable score it could achieve. The CGDI of the sample companies showed a positive and substantial effect on company performance as an accounting measure ROA and an insignificant effect as a market measure Tobin’s Q. The study also revealed that sample firms followed the BSEC guidelines partially. These findings have implications for companies that fail to comply with the full disclosure principle, which holds that a company must disclose all material information in its financial statements in order to touch the reader's comprehension of those statements. In addition, these results imply that the code of CG requires a thorough examination to make essential modifications.

This study aims to reveal the practice of internal control over financial reporting (PIPK) at the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019-2021. This research is a type of qualitative research using an interpretive perspective with an ethnomethodological method. The data in this study are primary and secondary data and data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study were seven informants. The selection of this informant was based on capacity in the practice of internal control over financial reporting (PIPK) at the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the study stated that (1) Internal Control over the Financial Reporting of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is still not optimal because the understanding of SPIP in general and PIPK in particular is not sufficient, (2) The role of the second line of management at the Supreme Court has not run adequately because it is still ad-hoc so that it is not well organized, and (3) the Assessment of Internal Control over the Financial Reporting of the Supreme Court has not been carried out in a systematic and structured so that it has not been able to fully support the achievement of the objectives of implementing the PIPK, namely to provide adequate assurance that the Financial Statements are prepared with the implementation of adequate internal controls.

This paper aims to determine the effect of professional skepticism, auditor experience and auditor competence on fraud detection. The population of this research is auditors who work at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in Central and South Jakarta. This paper used purposive sampling technique and obtained 60 questionnaires from auditors as respondents. This paper is using quantitative research and the data are analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with significance level of 5% (0.05). The results of this paper showed that professional skepticism and auditor competence had a significant and positive effect on fraud detection. Meanwhile, the experience of the auditor has no effect on fraud detection.

This study examines the effect of tax incentives and corporate voluntary disclosure related to covid-19 on interim reports on firm value. This study tested the two independent variables using the dummy variable method. The provision of tax incentives related to Covid-19 is based on government policy. The company's voluntary disclosure of covid-19 in interim reports is based on notes to financial statements. The method used is purposive sampling. The number of samples obtained was 114 companies selected according to the research criteria in the 1st and 2nd quarter 2020 periods. This study used multiple regression analysis and panel data. The results show that the variable giving tax incentives related to Covid-19 negatively and significantly affects firm value. Meanwhile, the variable company voluntary disclosure related to covid-19 in the interim report shows unidirectional results, but has no effect on firm value.

This study aims to examine and explain organizational culture's role in moderating the bystander effect and internal control effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. The research was conducted on The Village Credit Institution in Jembrana Regency, with the respondents being managers and employees who worked at the Village Credit Institution. Data were collected using a questionnaire, analyzed using variant-based SEM, and processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The study's results found that the bystander effect and internal control significantly affected the tendency of accounting fraud. Organizational culture can moderate the bystander effect's influence and internal control on the tendency of accounting fraud. The results of this study are expected to provide a systematic overview to The Village Credit Institution management in the future regarding the influence of the bystander effect and the weakness of internal controls on the occurrence of accounting fraud. Through the results of this study, the Village Credit Institution Supervisory and Management Agency is expected to eliminate the influence of bystanders, streamline the internal control system, and through a positive organizational culture, encourage the emergence of whistleblowers as an effort to prevent fraud. Keywords: accounting fraud tendency, bystander effect, internal control, organizational culture.

This study aims to analyze S.C.O.R.R.E. (stimulus, capability, opportunity, capability, cooperation, and ego) as the cause of financial statement fraud. The study was conducted on B.U.M.N. companies in Indonesia as a population with published financial statement analysis units with a total of 122 as samples obtained by purposive sampling technique after being selected for the period 2014-2018 (five years). The Binary Logistics regression technique is used in analyzing data with the dependent variable using a nominal scale (0-1) as a measurement of financial statement fraud. The study concludes that not all measurement dimensions are predicted to affect the occurrence of fraud in financial statements, while measurements using other dimensions prove a significant influence on the event of financial statement manipulation. The study results provide a reference to the potential for preventing financial statement fraud by identifying several measurement dimensions that can trigger financial statement fraud. Research using Binary Logistics regression would be better confirmed through observation, either by interview or primary data that supports and predicts the results of the analysis that was not carried out in this study, so the conclusions obtained have not fully concluded the existing phenomena.

This study aims to objectively investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on bank performance in Indonesia and the effect of corporate governance on banks. The sample consisted of 42 banks with 648 observations on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2020 period. The data were observed using a panel data set, and the estimation method used was Generalized least square (GLS). The results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative effect on bank performance. The governance variable proxied by the effectiveness of governance has a positive effect on performance. On the contrary, the governance variable proxied by the number of directors and board of commissioners has a negative effect on performance, unlike those proxied by diversity. The hierarchical regression analysis shows that the effectiveness of governance as a moderating variable can reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on performance. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the negative impact of Covid-19 on bank performance through effective governance. This is due to the ability to navigate through unexpected situations, identify opportunities, and create new strategies for adapting to the uncertainties caused by the pandemic. Effective governance shows that the bank has implemented good corporate governance to improve bank performance, efficiency, and service to stakeholders. This study provides empirical evidence that explores the overall governance effectiveness variable that can affect the relationship between the Covid-19 variable and bank performance.

Fraudulent financial statements often occur in several companies, however, efforts to detect the beginning of fraud have not been fully implemented. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of forensic accounting in the diamond model relationship to detect financial statement fraud. This research employs pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability in the perspective of fraud diamond, and technology audit as forensic accounting indicators. Samples used in this study are 42 bank companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2016-2019. The sample is determined by using the purposive sampling method. Analysis of data is carried out using the MRA-SPSS program. The result showed that Pressure and Rationalization affect financial statement fraud. Forensic accounting is a moderating variable between pressure and financial statement fraud, rationalization, and financial statement fraud.

Using Attribution Theory, this study aims to examine several predictor variables such as independence, objectivity, professional skepticism, and the ability and experience of investigative auditors that potentially affect the effectiveness of audit procedures in revealing fraud. This research involved a total of 120 auditors consisting of auditors of the Supreme Audit Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) and auditors of the Indonesian Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) representatives of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia as the research sample. The regression analysis revealed that the professional skepticism, the ability, and the experience of the investigative auditors had a significantly positive effect on the effectiveness of audit procedures in revealing fraud. The results serve as a material consideration for government auditing agencies, such as the BPK and BPKP to increase their effectiveness in implementing audit procedures using various means, such as through sustainable training and education programs as well as by increasing professional skepticism in conducting audits.

The study examined corporate governance and corporate sustainability impact on the performance of South African listed companies. Data retrieved from 30 companies for the period 2010-2020 was analysed using panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) methods. Dependent variables were grouped into the Accounting-based approach and the Market-based approach. Explanatory variables were also grouped into Corporate Governance and Accounting ratios. Findings revealed a strong relationship between corporate governance and company performance. This was substantiated by the result from Board gender diversity, which revealed both positive and negative relationships that were significant under both approaches. Directors’ remuneration revealed a positive but insignificant relationship under both approaches, while Board size revealed a negative relationship under both approaches. Further findings also revealed a strong relationship between corporate sustainability performance and company performance. This was established by the results from the ESG and ROA and ROE, which revealed negative but significant relationships under the first approach and became positive and significant under the second approach. Lastly, a strong relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability performance was revealed as shown between ESP and directors’ remuneration and a negative but significant relationship with board size and gender diversity. A cross-country based investigation to ascertain whether the same results can be achieved should be carried out.

This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the percentage of profits in manufacturing companies. The population in this study is manufacturing companies in the industrial & chemical sector, which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2017-2019 period. The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method and resulted in 34 manufacturing companies in the industrial and chemical sectors. Data were taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. The independent variable in this study is corporate governance with a focus on the board of commissioners and the audit committee, while the dependent variable is the effect of profit percentage on manufacturing companies. This study used simple linear regression analysis. From the regression analysis in this study, the two corporate governance proxies which include the board of commissioners and the audit committee have a significant positive effect on company profits. These results provide evidence that the existence of a board of commissioners and an audit committee in manufacturing companies in Indonesia has been effectively associated with the company’s profit percentage gain.

The purpose of this study is to see whether there is an effect of the implementation of good corporate governance, firm size, and financial performance on firm value. And the results are known if the implementation of good corporate governance has a positive effect on firm value which indicates that the implementation of good corporate governance in Indonesia has a good impact on the development of firm value, in contrast to firm size and financial performance which have a negative effect on firm value, which is known if assets and profits are high. compared best with low firm value, and vice versa. On the one hand, financial performance can be an intervention variable for good corporate governance and firm size on firm value in a positive direction, which means that if firm profits can have an influence on the relationship between firm size and good corporate governance, the firm value will increase. From these objectives and results, it is recommended for further researchers to explore the indicators that exist in each member to find out valid findings by reviewing various aspects.