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This study reports empirical findings of a survey conducted among pharmaceutical distributors serving informal settlement areas in Nairobi city county. The pharmaceutical distributors face several challenges when serving these areas calling the management of the distributors to resort to social innovation as a viable strategy for business survival. The concern however is how sustainable such a strategy is to the survival of the business undertaken by the pharmaceutical distributors. The study was guided by the postulates of the Three Cycle and Tripple Bottom Line models to answer three objectives that sought to address how social innovation has been adopted, the level of sustainability attained as well as the effect of the level of social innovation on the level of sustainability attained. The study drew its population from 30 pharmaceutical distributors targeting informal settlement areas in Nairobi and obtained primary data from managers heading 7 key departments in each distributor. The study was responded to by 168 managers from 30 pharmaceuticals representing 80.4% response rate. Two components of social innovation, namely promoting social values and community empowerment were extracted through Exploratory Factor Analysis and were found to be practiced to a moderate extent (M=3.6; SD=1.36) and contributed to high level of sustainability (M=3.808; SD=1.025). A path analysis constructed using structural equation modelling indicated that the two components of social innovation have varying degrees of contribution to the three pillars of sustainability (planet, people & profit) with the highest being that on people (R2=4.03) and the least on profit(R2=3.46). Overall social innovation has a negative effect on sustainability (?=-0.13; p<0.05). The findings provide useful insights on the role of social innovation as a viable strategy for the sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry and makes suggestions on how it can be deployed to enhance sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry. The findings raise important implications on the relevance of the Three Cycle and Triple Bottom Line Models in explaining the role of social innovation in attaining the goal of sustainability in organizations.

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role to play in promoting sustainable development and social responsibility in their communities. In the eThekwini Municipality of South Africa, there are many opportunities for SMEs to engage in social responsibility activities. A validation approach can be used to assess the effectiveness of these activities and ensure that they are meeting the needs of the community. This study sought to investigate the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in eThekwini municipality in South Africa. Data collection from 210 small business owners or managers in the eThekwini Municipality revealed a significant relationship between community involvement, environmental awareness, and community upliftment in the quest to build long-term relationships with communities.  The primary objective for the study was to determine and establish the CSR activities of SMEs in the eThekwini Municipality.

South African legislation does not obligate companies to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities. Understanding the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on social inclusivity is crucial in ensuring trade-offs between companies and the citizens residing where development takes place. There is a need for a national consensus on a CSR policy framework within a social cohesion and nation-building compact. The inclusion of the legislation for ensuring compliance towards fulfilling the purpose of the country’s sustainable development agenda is fully referred to in the discussion. The unparalleled position requires collective energies with the public to actualize strategies. This chapter underpins the importance of having CSR as a standalone legislation and seeks to contribute to the world of science by leveling the ground with the rhetoric discussion. The document analysis was the backbone for a qualitative research methodology where the related intricacies were revealed. The research will embark on an empirical investigation to publish evidence-based results based on the document analysis and legislative framework. The gap of a lack of legislation in South Africa has been identified notwithstanding the related legislation, which corroborates the direction the country is taking towards CSR. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable development on the transformation agenda. However, this study is limited in the sense that it did not embark on a largescale data collection from the implementers and the communities for empirical research which could be measured. This shall be employed in future research for evidence-based information and knowledge sharing.

This study aims to reveal the meaning of the Creating Shared Value (CSV) practice as a contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at PT Pupuk Kaltim (PKT) with a case study approach. CSV with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept that does have the same umbrella, which is a charity to the community and contributes to SDG's but in practice these two concepts are different. The difference lies in the value generated. CSV provides significant value to the company in the form of profit in the form of reducing the company's activity costs and is related to the company's core business products so that the value that arises to the company is not only a good view (image) by the community. When implementing the CSR concept, the company focuses on carrying out charity actions to the community so that it creates a good corporate image by the community and does not focus on the value that is generated profitably to the company. PKT has implemented CSV practice with the floating net cages (FNC) program. The KJA program carries out activities with the grouper and lobster cultivation program and PKT's business activity is in the field of fertilizers. FNC has provided a good view from the community for PKT but the FNC that is claimed by PKT as an FNC Program is not yet a concept of CSV. In practice, FNC is more appropriate to say CSR because it has not provided profit value for PKT.