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Lifestyle audits are the best method to combat corruption in both the private and public spheres. A lifestyle audit is conducted if a red flag is raised in relation to corruption. Any sudden change in an individual’s lifestyle raises a red flag. However, this type of crime is common among mostly the powerful top officials of organisations, companies or institutions. This paper reviews the use of lifestyle audits as a tool to combat corruption. The researcher adopted a non-empirical research design and followed the predetermined steps properly. Furthermore, merely the literature sources and observations used for arguments and integration purposes with intent to solve the problems identified. Again, the researcher examined some solved corruption cases published in the Auditor General’s report, reported on in newspapers and discussed on social media platforms. To add this, the observation of the published corruption cases used as the examples in this article. The findings of this article suggest that lifestyle auditor or analysts or crime investigators must conduct the lifestyle audit by following the legal proper procedures to avoid the blunders in audit the lifestyle of the offender or suspect. This article concludes by making recommendations of the lifestyle audit needs more auditing and financial investigation skills that are of more advanced.

The quality of institutions continues to be a pertinent issue due to its potential direct and indirect effects on economic growth. The research examined the correlation between institutional quality and economic growth in Botswana from 1990 to 2022. The research utilised the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds model to assess cointegration and the Toda and Yamamoto and Dolado and Lütkepohl (TYDL) model to investigate the direction of causality. The ARDL methodology is favoured for this research because to its applicability to small sample sizes. This method is not constrained by the sequence of integration among the variables. The results demonstrate that corruption adversely impacts economic growth in both the short term and the long term. Regulatory frameworks and governmental stability exert a substantial favourable influence on economic growth in both the short and long term. The analysis identified a bidirectional causative relationship between government stability and economic growth, as well as a unidirectional causal relationship from regulatory rules to economic growth. This study revealed a negative impact of labour on economic vitality. The cointegrating link indicates that the Botswana government ought to prioritise investments in institutional quality, targeted procedures, and policies due to their direct influence on economic growth. The report advocates for the Botswana government to formulate and implement legislation that fosters and advances the development of the citizen sector. The Botswana government should improve and sustain the factors that contribute to institutional quality, as they facilitate development.

This article contends that the governance of public tenderpreneurship in South Africa fails to foster entrepreneurship ecosystems characterised by dynamic micro-foundation capabilities, which are essential for enabling business ambidexterity in state tender-based enterprises. The article posits that political, bureaucratic, and public bribery corruption develop within a public order that is fundamentally opposed to, and incompatible with, the fostering of entrepreneurial ambidexterity. Thus, its theoretical contribution lies in the evolution of dynamic capabilities within the frameworks of entrepreneurship ecosystems, micro-foundations, and the conceptions of public order corruption from the perspectives of republicanism and liberalism. The desktop literature analysis identifies 47 dynamic micro-foundation capabilities across strategic operations, marketing, innovation, and information systems governance domains that facilitate the incubation of entrepreneurship ecosystems. Furthermore, it formulates one question for each governance domain of entrepreneurship ecosystems as a summative normative assessment of South Africa's tenderpreneurship preferential treatment governance. The article concludes that South Africa's governance of state tenderpreneurship promotes a public order characterised by the rapid emergence of tender-based entrepreneurs and businesses, alongside corruption ecosystems that lack processes orientated towards entrepreneurship, such as sensing, seizing, and transformation, as well as dynamic capabilities necessary for fulfilling service level contractual obligations, reconfiguration, and renewal. Tenderpreneurship governance is problematic due to hidden agendas that undermine democratic transformation, lacking transparency in the exercise of public power and disregarding citizens' claims to equality as legitimate rights-holders. The article recommends the following: the establishment of mandatory requirements for public accountability in the exercise of entrusted public power; the promotion of authentic citizenship and public order where all citizens are political equals and legitimate rights-holders; the prohibition of covert preferential treatment in state tenderpreneurship governance; and the implementation of a rigorous meritocracy-based state procurement governance system.

Effective border management is fundamental to protecting national sovereignty, safeguarding citizens, and preventing the infiltration of organised criminal networks. In South Africa, the South African Police Service (SAPS) is entrusted with law enforcement at border posts. However, recurring incidents of corruption among SAPS officials often involving collusion with criminal syndicates have rendered several border posts, including Beitbridge, weak and porous. This study evaluates SAPS border officials’ corruption and its security implications at the Beitbridge border post in Limpopo Province. The objectives are to investigate the nature and forms of corruption involving SAPS officials, examine the socio-economic and security-related impacts, assess the effectiveness of current anti-corruption mechanisms, and propose evidence-based recommendations to enhance accountability and transparency. The study employs a qualitative research approach grounded in the interpretivist paradigm and adopts a case study design centred on Beitbridge. Data were gathered through in-depth document analysis, encompassing 45 key documents such as official reports, policy frameworks, and media investigations, considered sufficient for achieving qualitative rigour and thematic saturation. The Broken Windows Theory is applied to explain how tolerance of minor misconduct escalates into systemic corruption and institutional decay. Findings reveal that entrenched corruption undermines law enforcement integrity, facilitates organised criminal activity, and compromises national border security. The study concludes that strengthening institutional oversight, reinforcing accountability structures, and promoting inter-agency cooperation are vital for curbing corruption and enhancing border management effectiveness. The study’s novelty lies in its focused examination of Beitbridge and its application of the Broken Windows Theory to border corruption within the South African context.

There is a dichotomy between the conventional theoretical view, which postulates that increased quality of governance stimulates economic growth and advances private capital formation. This study investigates the impact of governance quality and government expenditure on economic growth in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The study applied the Pooled Mean Group and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model. The annual panel covers the period 2002 – 2023, which comprises five selected countries from the SADC member states. The data set was obtained from the World Bank World Governance Indicators (WBWGI) databases. In the short run, economic growth was linked to government expenditure. In the long run, technical governance quality variables bring participants into action or service through control of corruption and the rule of law. The technical governance quality variables contribute to economic growth and are positive in the long run. At the same time, democratic governance quality variables influence economic growth negatively. However, it was highlighted that a permanent increase in country government expenditure could be experienced due to continuous randomness. The study revealed that weak governance and unstable government expenditure deteriorate economic growth complexity. Henceforth, this study has also enhanced the governance quality and government expenditure theories and empirical literature concerning economic growth by exposing that the governance quality of the selected SADC countries endures commotion. This study recommends that achieving selected SADC growth can be possible by balancing the technical governance quality variables and abating the democratic governance quality variables. Thus, the study contributes by outlining the golden thread that national and international policies should be prioritized in control of corruption and endorse governance effectiveness, regulatory quality, the rule of law, and managing expenditure within the threshold level.

South African government and economic prosperity are threatened by public finance corruption. From apartheid, poor public financial management, weak regulatory frameworks, and entrenched political favouritism have exacerbated the problem. This chapter examines South Africa's public finance corruption, its theoretical foundation, and its effects on public trust, economic growth, and government. Rent-seeking organisations foster corruption, as Buchanan's (1980) public choice theory and Klitgaard's (1988) monopoly and discretion model demonstrate. False financial reporting, procurement fraud, embezzlement, and fund theft drain public funding for vital services and infrastructure. Also given is institutional economics illustrating how weak institutions promote corruption. Even with laws, combating corruption is difficult. The chapter uses global case studies to promote legal frameworks, transparency, and public institution competence to fight corruption. The chapter recommends ethical governance, public sector capacity-building, citizen participation, legislation, and cultural reforms to fight corruption. It further underscores the policy challenges inherent in implementing these anti-corruption strategies, including political resistance, limited institutional resources, and societal complicity. Future research should examine anti-corruption strategies and how technology might improve public financial management openness.

The article seeks to examine the phenomenon of corruption within the specific context of South Africa. The primary inquiry posed in the study is, 'What are the instances and underlying factors contributing to corruption in South Africa?' Corruption arises from a multitude of factors, including avarice, the pursuit of authority, and the dynamics of elite networking, among others. The presence of these factors within the nation fosters an atmosphere of impropriety at both the political and bureaucratic tiers of governance. The nation has instituted a range of anti-corruption bodies and strategies; however, the existing gaps in implementation pose significant obstacles to the effective realisation of these initiatives, thereby hindering efforts to combat or mitigate the prevalence of corruption. The research adopts a qualitative methodology and employs desktop analysis to gather information. The information was obtained through a thorough examination of existing literature and document analyses. The information underwent evaluation through conceptual and documentary content analysis. The findings indicate that cultural and normative frameworks that undermine democracy and the Bill of Rights are perpetuated by corruption. The ethical frameworks that dictate institutional ethics stand in contrast to the principles of public administration. The populace may experience a decline in trust towards governmental institutions and their operations due to the capacity to question the integrity of their elected officials. The article culminates in a proposal for the establishment of codes, strategies, and a culture governed by ethical principles, aimed at fostering ethical values among both employees and employers. It is of paramount significance that individuals embrace personal responsibility and accountability to engage ethically within the workplace, thereby contributing to the overarching organisational culture and values. This research enhances the understanding of public governance, human resource management, organisational development, and leadership studies.

The purpose of this study is to explore the extent of misconduct in the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure (DPWI) in South Africa as a case study. The article aims to answer the research question, ‘What is the extent of the misconduct in the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure?’. Systematization of the literature and responses to the wrongdoing scenario shows that in South Africa, poor quality performance and inefficient productivity in public service departments may cause financial difficulties. The institutional cause of misconduct is discussed. The decision that was made in this scientific subject matter has importance because this study intends to emphasise that the public service in general and DPWI in particular have been in the media for cases of maladministration, misconduct, and corruption, which necessitates the implementation of orgaisational ethics management OEM) takes action to promote an ethical culture and a climate that is favorable to good governance. The investigation in the article is carried out in the following order: A description of the DPWI and its procedures for combating misconduct follows, and the scope of wrongdoing inside the DPWI is explored using a contextual framework. Conceptual and document analysis were the methodological tools used in the study. Using qualitative research approach with exploratory and descriptive research designs, misconduct is contextually analyzed. The results show that when institutional factors that can combat misconduct and promote good governance are not implemented, then this situation may lead to various forms of misconduct recurring. The article's conclusion makes suggestions for improvement.

Political interference has been one of the leading factors in inhibiting state-owned entities reach their mandates. Through political patronage, political elites are the gateway to the SOE's thus impacting the efficacy of most state-owned entities. In this regard, South African Airways (SAA) is also one of the entities in the grip of corruption due to political patronage. Therefore, this political patronage has been the difference between the efficacy of SAA in executing its mandate. SAA has been taking center stage due to corruption, maladministration, and failure to execute its mandate as a result of political interference as well as patronage. This paper reviews existing literature on the effect of political patronage on the efficacy of SAA in executing its mandate. In doing so, the paper employed qualitative techniques. Document analysis was utilized to understand the effect of political patronage on SAA's ability to execute its mandate. Eventually, the paper discovered that political patronage affects the ability of SAA to execute its mandate. The paper then closes by making recommending mechanisms for inhibiting political interference in SOE most specifically SAA.

Corruption remains a prominent institutional barrier that hampers foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in developing countries. However, the specific impact of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania remains largely unexplored. This research aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the consequences of corruption on FDI inflows in Tanzania between 1996 and 2021. The analysis utilizes time series institutional data obtained from the World Bank governance indicators and FDI inflow data from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT). Given the consideration of multiple variables, a multiple regression model is employed to analyze the data. Unit root tests such as the expanded Dickey-Fuller and Johansen cointegration tests are utilised to assess whether the variables are cointegrated and whether the data exhibits stationarity or nonstationarity. The findings of this study unequivocally demonstrate that corruption (CC) has a significant adverse effect on both short-term and long-term FDI inflows. The data from 1996 to 2021 consistently indicate a noteworthy influence of corruption (CC) on FDI inflows. Consequently, this research recommends concerted efforts to combat corruption in order to improve the investment climate and attract foreign investors.

South African teachers are faced with corruption during teacher promotion processes, and this remains unabated. This qualitative paper used three purposively selected case studies of victim teachers to investigate the impact of this corruption on victim teachers. The paper used the Crisis Intervention Theory to underpin the theoretical framework for the analysis. Key informant interviews (KIIs) were administered to a senior union member to solicit crucial data while the primary participants (n=3) were interviewed on a face-to-face approach to collect data. Relevant literature was also used to provide supportive and corroborative scientific propositions. The paper discovered that corruption during teacher promotion processes in the South African Basic Education sector was a reality. However, in some instances, such claims could not be backed by sustainable evidence. Victim teachers have suffered traumatic experiences resulting in stress, health challenges, relational challenges with colleagues and resignations. The department did not assist victim teachers needing emergency counselling and psychological rehabilitation to cope with the emanating pressure. It is recommended that authorities punish perpetrators of corruption. Victim teachers need to be assisted through professional resolving of their grievances and therapeutical intervention. 

This study examines the effect of some economic and non-economic factors on corruption.  It tests a number of hypotheses formulated around the impact of specific dimensions on increasing or reducing corruption in the Middle East and North Africa Region over a time series from 2008 to 2018. The objective of this study is to illuminate the impact of several independent factors (average income, economic freedom, education, income distribution and globalization) on corruption increase or decrease in the MENA region taking a few countries as a sample case. To reach this end, secondary data is employed and retrieved from secondary sources using published reports and indexes and official websites and databases maintained by various research institutions. The results are tested using panel data regression analysis as a statistical tool for data analysis and hypotheses testing. Findings indicate a significant effect of the presented economic and non-economic determinants on corruption in these sample countries except income distribution which shows an insignificance effect.

The objective of the study was to explore alleged corrupt practices of stock theft by public sector officials in the selected rural areas of Giyani in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, focusing on causes and experiences. The local South African Police Service (SAPS) and Department of Justice and Constitutional Development: Giyani Magistrates’ Court (DOJ & CD: GMC) officials are allegedly touted to be allegedly involved in corrupt and fraudulent activities relating to this crime. From a qualitative standpoint; this study purposively selected 64 participants to form part of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) for data collection based on their respective knowledge and exposure to this crime. The collected data was analyzed to reach structured, reliable and conclusions adopting the Tesch technique. Major findings of this study indicate that the local SAPS and DoJ & CD: GMC were implicated in corruption acts, it is established that limited wages, greediness, profit and power, opportunity, as well as inadequate training, poor hiring practices and failure to adhere to a code of ethics are some of the notable causes of police corruption on stock theft cases. The improvement in legislation, punitive methods, remunerations, political partisanship, and the use of anti-corrupt strategies are cited as some recommendations in this study. Moreover, relevant stakeholders should work closely with provincial structures at rural communal levels, while avoiding a silo mentality to enhance collective actions thereof.

This paper examines the impact of the transparency stage and overseas refund investment inflows at the human improvement index. This paper aims to explore the mediating effect of the economic boom at the impact of transparency ranges and foreign direct funding inflows at the human improvement index. This research was carried out in 9 countries in Southeast Asia with a research length from 2012 to 2019. The facts analysis system changed into done the usage of course evaluation. The outcomes indicate that the transparency stage and overseas direct investment have a tremendous influence on economic growth and the human improvement index. Economic growth turned into additionally located to impact the human development index significantly. Therefore, monetary expansion is verified to mediate the transparency stage effect on the human development index. But the economic increase isn't always proven to have a mediating effect on the impact of foreign direct funding at the human improvement index. Therefore, based totally on the outcomes of this examination, the authorities of each use in Southeast Asia need to create a transparent government to increase economic increase and human improvement index. Further, outside investment needs to be recommended to make an excellent monetary boom and human development index.

The main objective of this paper is analyzing the influence of islamic law on corruption perceptions and its impact on public trust in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. This research is located in Bandung with the research subject is the people of the city of Bandung who have an identity card. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling and the sample used is purposive sampling, namely the sample is selected by giving certain conditions to respondents who have met the sample criteria. The sample in this study was 100 people, then for the data analysis technique in this study using the SMART-PLS version 3 application software. The main finding is Islamic law and perceptions of corruption simultaneously affect public trust by 79.7%, the rest is influenced by variables that are not used in this study.

This study investigates the impact of democracy indices on the literacy rate. Panel Data of 134 Countries from 2007-2018 were collected from the website the World Bank and Gapminder. This study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Driscoll-Kraay (DK), Second Stage Least Square (2SLS), Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods. This research has found that political participation index and political culture index has a significant positive relationship with literacy rate in all the method. The functioning of the government index has a significant positive relationship and electoral process and the pluralism index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in all the methods except the GMM method. The civil liberties index has a significant negative relationship with literacy rate in POLS and in the other models, there is no significant relationship between the civil liberties index and literacy rate.

The study established the relationship between corruption and capital flight in Kenya over the period 1998 to 2018. Quarterly time series data for calculation of capital flight and for GDP growth rate and exchange rates were collected from the Central Bank of Kenya and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Corruption perception index data was collected from the Transparency International website. Two Autoregressive Distributed-lagged models were fitted. Regression coefficients for corruption were -0.114 and 0.066 in the short run and -0.501 in the long run and the p values were 0.523 and 0.691 and 0.558 respectively, indicating no significant relationship. Regression results showed a coefficient of 0.01 and 0.003 for the Gross Domestic Product growth rate in the short run, and 0.049 in the long run. The p values were 0.670, 0.855 and 0.578 respectively denoting no significant relationship. Regression results showed a coefficient of 0.002 and 0.003 for the exchange rate in the short run, 0.43 for the exchange rate in the long run. The p values were 0.891 and 0.584 and 0.095 respectively indicating that a one % increase in the exchange rate would lead to a 0.043 % increase in capital flight in the long run. Regression results of lagged capital flight on capital flight showed a coefficient of 0.904. The p-value was 0.000 meaning that a one % increase in lagged capital flight would lead to a 0.904 % increase in capital flight. The study recommended that the government devises policies that would prevent further capital flight and generate capital flight reversal.


 
 
 
 Political trust is important for the effective functioning of government. This paper uses cross country regression analysis to see whether three different measures of economic performance matter for political trust. The results lend support to the hypothesis that political trust is influenced by economic growth, the standard of living, and the appropriate use of government spending. In addition, the paper considers two institutional variables, perceived independence of the judiciary and the degree of democracy to assess their effect on political trust. It finds that perceived judicial independence has a positive effect on political trust, but democracy has a negative effect.
 
 
 

Private use of public office for private gain could be a tentative connotation of corruption and most distasteful event of corruption is that it is not there, nor that it is pervasive, but it is socially acknowledged in the global economy, especially in the developing nations. In the present paper we attempt to assess the interrelationship between the Corruption perception index (CPI) and the principal components of governance indicators as per World Bank Governance Indicators like Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Regulatory Quality (RQ) and Government Effectiveness (GE). Applying Granger Causality Test the study observes a mixed or inconclusive result. Only bilateral causal link between the CPI and CC works for UK, whereas there are unilateral causal links between the CPI and one or more governance indicators working for other countries for France, Japan, China, India, Thailand and South Africa. In no way causalities are observed for USA, Germany and Brazil.

Since Sub-Saharan Africa's first independence in Ghana, the region has experienced massive and costly political and bureaucratic corruption within public service and administration. The causes of the corruption, its nature and form are wide and intertwined. In Sub-Saharan Africa, efforts to curb corruption have failed to discard it. The paper focused on the period from Nkruma in Ghana to Mutharika the 2nd in Malawi. This paper reviewed existing literature on political and bureaucratic corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa while on the other hand the paper employed key informant interviews to gather the required data to investigate, analyse and profile the genesis and evolution of corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. The key informant interviews were employed to solicit public views and opinion from nineteen key informant participants (n=19) selected from 11 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper found that corruption is legendary; has entrenched itself to becoming some sort of culture in the region, and has become the most difficult socio-economic challenge to resolve in the region despite the various anti-corruption efforts employed by stakeholders to curb it. It emerged through the study that law-enforcement efforts against corruption need some reinforcement in order to be effective and eficient in uprooting corruption in the region. If Sub-Saharan Africa fails to address its corruption challenge, its development prospects would seriously curtailed.