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This paper examines the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Theory of Firm Heterogeneity to clarify their theoretical boundaries and enhance their explanatory power. It addresses key limitations of RBV, including endogeneity, tautological reasoning, and limited attention to contextual influences, and examines how digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) reshape strategic resources and firm heterogeneity. The study employs a systematic review of the strategic management literature. It synthesises the core assumptions of RBV with insights from firm heterogeneity, evolutionary theory, and capability-based perspectives to assess how internal resources, contextual factors, and technological capabilities shape competitive advantage. The review indicates that RBV and the Theory of Firm Heterogeneity provide complementary explanations of persistent performance differences among firms. Competitive advantage depends not only on heterogeneous resources but also on firms' ability to adapt, integrate, and deploy these resources in response to changing environmental and institutional conditions. Digital transformation and AI further amplify firm heterogeneity by creating differences in technological capabilities and innovation capacity. The paper advances the strategic management literature by integrating RBV with the Theory of Firm Heterogeneity, offering a more comprehensive explanation of sustained competitive advantage. It demonstrates how digital technologies and AI reshape strategic resources and identifies future research opportunities in contextual influences, capability development, and technology-driven competitive advantage.

The research aims to explore the impact of digital platform integration and reconstruction capabilities on organizational agility (mediator) and ESG performance of small and medium size enterprises of Pakistan. The study also examines the moderating role of technology uncertainty between digital platform capabilities and organizational agility that further leads to ESG performance. Data is collected from 300 firms while industries include; IT, Manufacturing, Textiles, Electronics, and Automobile in eight big cities of Pakistan and the respondents are middle and senior managers. Data was analyzed using the software; SPSS (reliability analysis) and R Studio (version 4.5.2), Structural Equation modeling (SEM) and regression Analysis. The study used Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory to see the role of digital platform capabilities, organization agility and uncertain technology conditions’ on ESG. The findings of this research are that such organizations with agility perform better on the ESG dimensions. First, this study takes a capability perspective to explore the impact of digital platform integration and reconstruction capability on Organizational agility, which extends the related studies taking digital perspective. Second, the inner mechanism between organizational agility and firm ESG performance is revealed where organizational agility works as a bridge for ESG performance. Third, the relationship between digital platform capabilities and organizational agility is exposed by the moderation of technology uncertainty. Where technology uncertainty positively moderates the relationship between digital platform capabilities and organizational agility.

The study focused on assessing how the level of adoption of four Absorptive Capacity(AC)  dimensions as a driver of strategic technological change has contributed to sustainable performance of firms operating in the insurance sector  in Kenya. The conceptualization of the study was informed by the postulates of three theoretical frameworks; the Model of Absorptive capacity, Resource Based View( RBV) and Knowledge Based view (KBV)  with four hypotheses testing the effect of each of the four dimensions of AC on sustainable performance of the insurance firms. A descriptive survey design was adopted to obtain data from a target sample of 224 respondents representing heads of units actively involved in roles associated with AC in  56 Insurance firms. The study registered a response rate of 83% with the respondents demonstrating demographic characteristics indicating adequate industry work experience and education levels. The dimensions of Absorptive Capacity aligning to strategy implementation and strategic choice were adopted to a higher extent compared to those aligning to strategic thinking aspects touching on strategy formulation. Though all the four dimensions had a significant positive effect on sustainable performance, those aligning towards strategic choice and implementation had a higher effect on sustainable performance than those aligning towards strategic thinking. The study concluded that the four dimensions of AC are suitable drivers of strategic technological change in the manner in which their attributes  speak to the three strategic management processes of strategic planning(formulation), choice and implementation. The study calls on future research to extend the implications of the findings reported by providing more plausible explanations to the dilemmas revolving around the low adoption of the AC dimensions aligning towards strategic thinking and its subsequent effect on sustainable performance using objective data on the dimensions of AC.

The globalized and technologically advanced business environment presents significant challenges to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which play a critical role in national economic growth and innovation. These challenges include strategic orientation, effective resource allocation, and adapting to changing markets, often resulting in premature business failure. Therefore, the paper reviews recent literature on how tangible resources such as financial capital, physical assets, and technology influence SME growth, focusing on studies from the past decade that apply frameworks like the Resource-Based View. A systematic literature review was conducted, involving a comprehensive search of academic databases. Thematic analysis was applied to synthesize the findings on resource impact and management in SMEs. The review revealed that financial capital, physical assets, and technological infrastructure significantly influence SME growth. However, the extent of impact varies across contexts, depending on managerial capabilities, access to finance, and market conditions. Addressing this gap, the article aims to inform both theory and practice on SME sustainability and development and suggests avenues for future research.  

This study investigates the impact of knowledge management on innovation in Tunisia's banking sector through a survey of salaried executives. The results indicate a strong positive relationship, emphasizing that key components—knowledge acquisition, application, and sharing—drive both administrative and technical innovation. Effective knowledge management allows organizations to adapt to market trends and enhance business processes. Knowledge sharing fosters an innovative environment for idea creation. Therefore, organizations, especially banks aiming to boost innovation, should prioritize sustainable knowledge management to gain a competitive edge and become more agile in a fluctuating economy.

This research investigates how dynamic capabilities contribute to improving public sector performance and the degree to which strategic management facilitates their implementation. This research employs Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) to assess the impact of sensing (identifying and interpreting opportunities and threats), seizing (mobilising resources to capitalise on opportunities), and transformation (realigning structures, processes, and assets to adapt to change) on organisational performance. A quantitative, non-experimental correlational research design was utilised, employing structured surveys from 193 respondents in key public energy sector enterprises in Malawi. The findings indicate that sensing and transformation capabilities substantially improve performance, while seizing capability alone does not exert a direct influence unless combined with other strategic processes. The interplay between sensing and seizing underscores the necessity for public enterprises to both identify opportunities and implement effective actions in response. Organisational capability has emerged as a vital factor, highlighting the significance of workforce competence and institutional adaptability in enhancing performance. This study advances the theory of DCT by illustrating its relevance in public sector governance constraints and presents a quantitative framework for evaluating dynamic capabilities. Policy recommendations involve enhancing seizing capability by overcoming internal bureaucratic obstacles, promoting an adaptive organisational culture, advancing leadership development, and incorporating data-driven decision-making. These measures aim to empower public enterprises to effectively manage complexity, increase responsiveness, and attain

This research analyses how a service firm develops an ecosystem and serves as the orchestrator. A unique coffee shop in a mountainous area was used as the subject because it has abundant resources to become an orchestrator and various distinctive traits. A single case study design was selected to enable researchers to analyse depth and rich data, covering all participants within the ecosystem. Using a holistic case study design enables investigators to explore complex interplays of ecosystem participants. This study demonstrates that a firm uses elements of dynamic capabilities to manage the evolving process of ecosystem dynamics, starting from the initial formation of the ecosystem to the maturity stage. Our analysis identifies what derivative capabilities can be created from each element of dynamic capabilities and how these derivative capabilities are employed for developing and managing partners involved in the ecosystem. This study establishes a contribution by examining a coffee shop, representing a small service firm, and its evolution into an ecosystem orchestrator role - an under-explored setting in prevailing orchestration literature concentrated on large platform corporations. Single case studies are often criticized because their generalizability is thin and their findings are narrow. However, this weakness has led to the advantage of presenting insights in detail and depth.

This present study was conducted to advance an understanding of market orientation concept, by exploring the relationship between market orientation, competitive strategy and business performance in a sample of small- and medium-sized companies in Indonesia. A quantitative research method was adopted to investigate the relationship between the variables. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, from which 182 usable questionnaire were obtained (91% response rate). Correlational and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between market orientation and the other variables measured in the study. It was found that market orientation had both direct and indirect positive influence on business performance. All three dimensions of market orientation (i.e., customer orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination) showed a simple linear relationship to the business performance, and the inter-functional coordination had the strongest association with business performance.

Abstract Resources and capabilities in SMEs are only advantageous when the SMEs have the potential to execute the right strategies and processes. SMEs must analyze their business environments and understand the resources available to operate efficiently and effectively and achieve a sustained performance. This study is the subject of the influence of valuable resources on performance of SMEs. This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The target population for this study comprised of 121, 680 SMEs. The research used stratified random sampling technique. The  sample size of this study was 399 SMEs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings showed that there was a positive significant correlation between valuable resource and SMEs performance (r=.270; p<.01). According to the linear regression analysis valuable resources account for 7.3% of SMEs performance. According to the regression coefficients, one-unit increase in valuable resources improved SMEs performance by 0.269 units (? = 0.269). The t-statistics results showed that t = 4.778, p<0.05. Therefore, there was enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that valuable resources have a statistically significant influence on SMEs Performance. The study concluded that valuable resource has a significant relationship with SMEs Performance. Valuable resources have a statistically significant influence on SMEs Performance. Increasing valuable resources in an SMEs will help the enterprise register higher performance. Key Words: Organizational Resources, Valuable Resources, Performance

This study explores the critical role of dynamic capabilities in enhancing business performance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the café sector of Malang City, Indonesia. Specifically, it examines how dynamic capabilities influence both explorative and exploitative innovations and how these innovations, in turn, affect business performance. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 110 café owners through structured questionnaires. The results indicate that dynamic capabilities significantly impact both explorative and exploitative innovations. Explorative innovation, which involves the development of new products and the exploration of new markets, was found to have a substantial positive effect on business performance. Conversely, exploitative innovation, which focuses on refining and improving existing products and processes, showed a positive but less pronounced impact. The findings underscore the importance of dynamic capabilities in fostering innovation and improving business performance in a competitive environment. This study offers practical insights for café owners and entrepreneurs in the food and beverage sector, highlighting the need for continuous development of dynamic capabilities and a balanced approach to innovation. Future research is encouraged to expand on these findings by exploring additional factors and utilizing longitudinal data to capture the evolving nature of these relationships.

Today, the company is becoming more and more aware of the immense power of knowledge, the stakes of which are becoming more and more crucial. However, acquiring, developing and maintaining competitive advantage from internal resources and skills remains the overarching goal for every organization. It is for this reason that it is necessary to put in place a strategic plan for the application of knowledge. This research focuses on the efforts made by companies in terms of knowledge management processes in order to implement innovative solutions. The objective of this research is part of this perspective and aims to examine the relationship between the application of knowledge and organizational innovation by highlighting the mediating effect of innovative capabilities. To determine this relationship, a quantitative method was adopted using a total of 252 Tunisian senior managers. The results of the structural equation analysis reveal the existence of a significant influence of knowledge management on both types of technical and administrative organizational innovation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of capital mobilization on the operational outcomes of medium-sized hotels located in urban areas of Kenya. The research was grounded in the framework of dynamic capability theory. The study employed a pragmatic research paradigm that utilized mixed methodologies and employed a contemporaneous triangulation research methodology. The sample consisted of 534 medium-sized hotels. The researchers employed a stratified random sampling methodology to ascertain a sample size of 229 hotels. The research was grounded in the theoretical framework of the natural resource-based perspective. In order to examine the goal hypothesis, the researchers calculated the beta coefficient and conducted a t-test to assess the association between capital mobilization and the performance of medium hotels in Kenya. The significance level for this test was set at 5%. The null hypothesis was rejected based on the statistically significant estimated beta value (0.698, p = 0.000), indicating a confirmed substantial association between capital mobilization and the performance of medium hotels in urban areas of Kenya. The performance of a firm is influenced by the amalgamation of employees' knowledge and abilities, which are integrated through various processes and procedures. This integration not only shapes the structure of the organization but also facilitates the generation of value. The study suggests that it would be beneficial to focus on implementing lean-green practices during capital growth, as these practices have been shown to align with improved performance. Additionally, it is recommended to place greater emphasis on incorporating the concept of 5S into entrepreneurship courses at all levels of education.

In 1997, Indonesia had a severe economic crisis, which prompted the Indonesian government to face significant pressure to promptly initiate governmental reform. There is a prevailing desire among the general public for enhancements in governance, with one aspect of this being the implicit need for improvements in government performance. This study investigates the role of service innovation as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning capability, and organizational performance. The study was conducted at the Directorate General of State Assets Management (DGSAM) in Indonesia. The questionnaires were collected from a total of 226 head offices, specifically from the heads of sections under the vertical agency of DGSAM, which is the State Assets and Auction Service Office (Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang/KPKNL). A quantitative approach was employed in order to elucidate, substantiate, and exemplify the hypothesis posited in the investigation pertaining to the observed events. The statistical technique employed for data processing was Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study demonstrates a significant and positive correlation between entrepreneurial approach and organizational learning capability, and both service innovation and organizational success. However, it is determined that service innovation does not act as a mediator in the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and organizational learning capability in terms of organizational performance. The anticipated outcomes of this study are expected to make significant contributions to the field of science and its associated stakeholders.

This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, knowledge management, and innovation on organizational performance. This study uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study was made up of Malang City consumer cooperatives. The study employed the purposive sampling technique. The sample in the study was 60 consumer cooperatives. Data was collected through surveys, documentation, and the use of Likert scales to test instruments. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) modeling. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge management can directly improve organizational performance. However, unlike knowledge management, entrepreneurial orientation cannot increase innovation. Organizational performance can be directly improved by innovation. Innovation is unable to mediate between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance. However, innovation is able to mediate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance. The findings of this study suggest that consumer cooperatives in Malang City can improve organizational performance by optimizing entrepreneurial organizations and knowledge management.

This research was conducted to identify the determinants of SME's performance as well as look at the underlying conditional factors. Researchers examine the direct effect of product innovation on SME's performance and consider the moderating role of market orientation and organizational learning. Using the quantitative method, the researchers conducted a survey of 170 SME owners in DKI Jakarta Province who were selected using a purposive sampling method. This survey was conducted online by distributing questionnaires through an online platform. The data is then analyzed using Structural Equation Model with AMOS and Process by Hayes. The results of hypothesis testing show that product innovation has a positive effect on the performance of SMEs, and this effect will be stronger when SMEs have high market orientation and high organizational learning. This research can be used as a reference by owners or managers of SME to advance their businesses. SME need to innovate products and form a conducive climate in market-oriented organizations, as well as a climate that allows them to carry out organizational learning.  

Within these dynamics and disruptive eras, it is crucial for all kinds of organization to build and ensure their competencies in increasing their performance and maintaining their position, including for SMEs. This study aims to identify the role of exploitative and organizational learning in influencing SMEs' performance. It also considers the moderating role of environmental dynamism as the conditional factor that underlies the relationship. We carried out the study on 150 SMEs in Jakarta, Indonesia, which was chosen using purposive sampling. The data is collected by distributing an online questionnaire to the respondents, which is then processed and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. The results of this study indicate that exploitative learning and organizational learning lead to higher SME performance. Furthermore, this influence is more potent when SMEs exist within a dynamic environment, as they will feel the necessity to learn more to face the challenges and seize the opportunities.

Studies on organizational ambidexterity have mostly ignored social and environmental performance in favour of focusing on financial performance. This study investigated the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and the sustainable performance of SMEs. Financial, social, and environmental indicators were used to measure sustainable performance. The study used the quantitative research method, and the cross-sectional survey method to collect data from 145 respondents. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized throughout the data-collection phase of the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results indicated significant positive relationships between organizational ambidexterity and SMEs' financial, social, and environmental performance. The study recommends that agencies that support small businesses should organize seminars to train and educate SME owners on organizational ambidexterity and sustainable performance. The results of this study can assist small business owners in continuing to educate themselves and their staff about organizational ambidexterity. The study recommends that agencies that support small businesses should organize seminars to train and educate SME owners on organizational ambidexterity and sustainable performance.

Introducing new goods and services, processes, marketing, and organizational practices are central to economic growth. The link between innovation and performance has been the focus of attention in several studies in recent decades. This paper aims to extend the literature by examining the personal effects of innovations on firm performance for a sample of 112 hotel establishments in Morocco. The research results suggest that the five innovation practices positively influence firm performance financially in terms of revenue, firm profit and RevPAR, and non-financially in terms of improvements in occupancy, social climate and organizational practices of the firm.

The global pandemic has had a significant impact on the economic sector and the tourism sector and its supporting businesses, where many market segments of the tourism industry, such as hotels, restaurants, and travel agents, have reached a saturation point. Companies need to determine a clear strategy in the face of a dynamic change in the business environment to achieve the expected performance and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. The discussion of strategies also focuses on the discussion on the strategic orientation of the organization. Research on the orientation of organizational strategies in the tourism industry, especially in the travel agent sector, has yet to be widely studied in depth, and how the impact of the pandemic on the sustainability of the performance of travel agent companies. This paper aims to examine the mediation role of the organization's strategic orientation on the influence of environmental uncertainty on the performance of travel agency companies. The respondents in this study were the manager of a travel agency company throughout Indonesia and we used a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 75 respondents. The method of collecting data is using a questionnaire and then the data is analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that Technology Uncertainty affects Market Orientation & Entrepreneurial Orientation, but only Entrepreneurial Orientation affects performance. It also showed that Market Orientation and Entrepreneurial Orientation fully mediate the Technology Uncertainty variable with Organizational Performance. Therefore, travel agent companies must be adaptive and innovative in facing technological changes that occur through the choice of organizational strategy orientation, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation to encourage performance improvement.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of market orientation on corporate performance with exploration innovation and exploitative innovation as mediation in SMEs. 85 respondents were used as samples from food and beverage sector SMEs at Sentra Siola Surabaya. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling method. Data analysis in this study used Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM PLS). The result indicates that market orientation has a significant effect on exploration innovation, exploitative innovation, and corporate performance. Exploration innovation has a significant effect on corporate performance; therefore, exploration innovation partially mediates the effect of market orientation on corporate performance. However exploitative innovation was found to have no effect on corporate performance. Changes in external factors, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic, are seen as being able to cause a paradigm shift on the importance of a long-term orientation compared to a short-term orientation.