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The purpose of the study is to explore the critical success factors for CRM in the local government authorities in SADC. Although many empirical studies have been conducted on customer-relationship-management (CRM), little research on the psychometric properties of CRM scale items in the local government authorities’ context has been conducted. This empirical study, based on key informant data drawn from sampled local government authorities in three SADC countries (Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa), developed a reliable scale with demonstrated content and convergent validity. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed using the Amos 18 version and the SPSS version 20 software. The study results revealed that for CRM Strategy success to be achieved, LGA needs to consider the following factors: Due diligence, Strategy focus and alignment, customer focus, change management, Implementation Strategy, Implementation approach, Metrics, Project management, Process design, Buy-in and adoption. Therefore, the study results suggested that city and town council managers must seriously consider all the ten critical success factors to improve the CRM performance of local government authorities.

This study examines the effect of the e-shopping experience towards e-loyalty mediated by e-trust and e-satisfaction on e-commerce fashion in Surabaya city. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach which collects data by distributing questionnaires to 150 respondents. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that the e-shopping experience has a significant effect on e-loyalty. The study also found that the e-shopping experience significantly impacts e-trust and e-satisfaction. E-trust has no significant effect on e-loyalty, while e-satisfaction affects e-loyalty. E-trust can not mediate the relationship between the e-shopping experience and e-loyalty. Meanwhile, e-Satisfaction can mediate the relationship between the e-shopping experience and e-loyalty. From this research, it is suggested that e-commerce fashion companies can provide a good shopping experience to encourage satisfaction and impact customer loyalty.

This study sought to determine the influence of service assurance on customer satisfaction in the insurance industry in Kenya. The latent variable assurance was measured using four manifest variables namely, Employees instill customer confidence; Customers feel safe to transact with the company; Employee Politeness and Provision of adequate information on service requested. A descriptive research design was adopted and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample 400 policyholders from 19 composite insurance companies in Kenya. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. A pilot test was conducted to check the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistics. R-Gui was the leading statistical software. The study applied linear mixed-effect models of structural equation modeling (SEM) considering the multi-level structure of the data collected. Multi-level analysis was adopted to determine whether service assurance contributed to the variation in levels of customer satisfaction across insurance companies. A significant fixed effect coefficient estimate of 0.696 was established, implying that increasing the levels of Service Assurance as perceived by a customer by one unit would increase the level of Customer Satisfaction by 0.696. The study concluded that a client who perceives Service Assurance from their insurer is bound to have higher satisfaction than a customer who does not perceive it. Employee Assurance, however, was found not to significantly affect the variations in customer satisfaction across the insurance companies. The study recommended that insurance firms invest in service assurance to achieve maximum customer satisfaction.

The number of loyalty programmes has increased rapidly, becoming one of the most used marketing practices in the global retail market today. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether special treatment benefits influence Generation Y students’ attitudes towards retail point-based loyalty programmes and usage behaviour in South Africa by extending the theory of planned behaviour and adding unique treatment benefits and consumer satisfaction factors to propose a model for this study. The study employed a quantitative method, where a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a non-probability convenience sample of 388 students (aged 18 to 24 years), across two public higher education institutions’ campuses in the Gauteng province. The collected data was examined using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, reliability, correlation analysis multicollinearity and structural equation modelling (SEM). The study results indicate that subjective norms, unique treatment benefits and perceived behavioural control positively influence consumer satisfaction. The results also indicate that consumer satisfaction has a positive influence in shaping consumer attitudes towards retail point-based loyalty programmes which in turn influence usage behaviour of Generation Y students.

Indonesia has a lot of sectors that function to drive economic activity. One of the existing sectors is the banking industry. A bank has the primary aim of gaining loyalty from its customers. Besides improving service quality, maintaining the corporate image and increasing customer satisfaction also affect customer loyalty. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of service quality, corporate image, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The research method is survey research, which uses a questionnaire as a research instrument. This study's population is customers with a bank account in Indonesia, with a total of 200 respondents. The result shows that the variable of service quality, and corporate image, has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, service quality and the corporate image does not have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.

The food and beverage industry is one of the industries driving the economy in Indonesia, which will always grow and stay alive. This research will look at aspects influencing consumer behavior regarding dining places. This research uses experience quality as an independent variable that affects customer loyalty, with emotion and perceived authenticity as mediating variables. This research is categorized as explanatory research. Respondents in this research were consumers who had visited Ethnic Restaurants in Malang City, and the determination of the number of samples in this research used a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 200 respondents. The data collection method used a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by PLS-SEM. The findings of this research indicate that experience quality and emotion have a significant effect on customer loyalty. Emotion also plays a role in mediating the relationship between experience quality and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, perceived authenticity has no significant effect on customer loyalty and cannot mediate the relationship between experience quality and customer loyalty.

The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze the effect of the e-servicescape dimension on perceived value and loyalty to e-commerce sites in Indonesia. The sampling technique used a non-probability sampling technique with a sample of 195 respondents who had shopped at e-commerce more than three times. Data collection is done by spreading the distribution through WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook. The research variables consist of aesthetic appeal, layout & functionality, and financial security as independent variables, perceived value as a mediator, and attitude and behavior loyalty variables as dependent variables. The study used AMOS 24 to analyze the data. The results of the study show that the three independent variables are only layout & functionality that have a positive and significant effect on consumers' perceived value perceptions, while the variables of aesthetic appeal and financial security harm perceived value. Furthermore, the perceived value variable has a positive and significant effect on attitude and behavior loyalty as well as attitude loyalty has a significant positive effect on behavioral loyalty. The implication of this research is to add literature and insight for e-commerce players in Indonesia to increase the aesthetic appeal of online stores and financial security so that consumers are loyal in attitude and behavior and that practices that can harm consumers and negatively impact e-commerce players do not occur. Research needs to do further research on the same object but with different results or different objects, such as electronic products or e-commerce bills.

Customer loyalty is crucial in the retail banking sector, given the increasing competition within the industry and the emerging non-traditional players. This paper examines the influence of external exigencies on customer loyalty of retail banks in Nigeria. Data used in this study was collected from 424 customers of eight (8) selected banks located in Ibadan, a metropolitan city in Nigeria. The primary statistical tool used was Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in analysing data collected. The study's findings revealed that external exigencies as a construct, has a positive influence on customer loyalty with internal appearance of bank and attractive advertisement accounting for the main factors contributing to loyalty. Similarly, External Exigencies were found to have positive influence on Customer Loyalty to their banks, at significant level. The managerial implication of this study is the consideration of non-core banking factors that can enhance customer loyalty in retail banking.

This study focuses on the quality of electronic services and consumer confidence in increasing customer loyalty through consumer satisfaction. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of e-service quality and customer experience of trust on customer loyalty both directly or indirectly through e-satisfaction mediation. The population in this study were all new students of State University in East Java in the 2019/2020 school year who were included in the category of generation Z. Sample in this study was included in the category of Purposive Sampling, where the selection of respondents was based on following criteria: 1) Have Tokopedia application installed on smartphones 2) Have shopped through Tokopedia application three times. Sample in the number of 100 people calculated by the Slovin formula. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) using the smartPLS software application. results of this study indicate that e-service quality has a significant effect on e-satisfaction, and the mediation test shows that e-satisfaction plays a partial mediation role in the effect of E-service quality on customer loyalty. Meanwhile, E-trust has a significant effect on e-satisfaction; mediation testing shows that e-satisfaction plays a partial mediation role in the effect of E-trust on customer loyalty.

This study examines the effect of experience quality on loyalty to digital wallet users. The financial sector plays a role as a driving force for growth in the real sector, which can be done through capital accumulation and technological innovation. The novelty in this research is the addition of brand image and satisfaction variables as a mediation that has not been studied before. There are still inconsistencies in the results of previous studies regarding the direct effect of experience quality on loyalty. This study uses explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The sample size is 120 respondents to digital wallet users in Malang City. The purposive sampling method is the sampling technique in this study. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling partial least square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that experience quality can directly improve brand image and satisfaction. Interestingly, this study found that experience quality directly did not have a significant effect on loyalty. The need to pay attention to service is the main key to customer satisfaction and brand image so that they can be loyal to digital wallet products.

Customer satisfaction is an indicator of an organization's overall health and future prospects.  The study evaluated the impact of customer satisfaction attributes on hospitality services. Data were collected from 680 guests of one to three star rated hotels in the Greater Accra Region. The hypothesized relationships were supported by the data. The results show an insignificant relationship between accessibility and hospitability services. Reliability had an insignificant relationship with hospitability services. The results also show that competence had a significant relationship with hospitability services. The results further show that friendliness had an insignificant relationship with hospitality services. The generalizability of the results obtained may be constrained since the present study focused on the hotel industry with its unique characteristics. The study suggests the enhancement of customer satisfaction to establish customer loyalty, improve brand reputation and competitive advantage. The study adds to the extant literature by empirically evidencing that customer satisfaction attributes significantly impact hospitality services.

This paper aims to examine more deeply the role of the customer forgiveness and service recovery variables on the relationship between service failure and loyalty. This research uses a go-car service on a gojek as the object of research. Go-car service was chosen because it is one of the services in Go-jek that has received a lot of criticism from its users. The respondents in this research were Go-Car service users who had experienced service failures when using the service. The determination of the number of samples in this research used a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 200 respondents. The method of collecting data is using a questionnaire, the data is analyzed using PLS-SEM.

This study examined the influence of undergraduate experience on alumni loyalty to their alma mater in Tanzania’s higher education context. Specifically, the study sought to examine the extent to which alumni are satisfied with their undergraduate academic and social experiences and the influence thereof on their loyalty towards their former universities or colleges. The study involved a questionnaire survey to collect primary data from a conveniently selected sample of 188 Tanzanians who had bachelor's degrees from various Tanzania universities and colleges. Descriptive statistics using mean values were used to measure the satisfaction level. To estimate the influence of alumni satisfaction with their undergraduate experience on loyalty to their alma mater, Binary Logistic Regression Model was used. Overall, the findings indicate that alumni were satisfied with their undergraduate experience and their time as students. Further, Binary Logistic Regression results indicate that satisfaction with undergraduate experience positively and significantly influences alumni loyalty to their alma mater. It is reasonable to conclude from this evidence, that alumni loyalty can be created, reinforced and retained through favorable students’ experiences. Thus, Tanzania’s Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should improve their level of students’ experience so as to increase their level of satisfaction and consequently enforce their loyalty. The study adds value in the context of Tanzanian HEIs since it provides a base on how to determine strategies to create, reinforce and maintain alumni loyalty through a favorable student experience.

Health as a basic necessity of life, the ownership of health insurance is very important and very influential in ensuring a safe and secure life. The National Health Insurance as part of the National Social Security System aims to meet the basic health needs of the Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze the role of satisfaction in mediating the influence of emotional branding and corporate image on customer loyalty. Independent participants of JKN-KIS BPJS Health Malang Branch as the sampling in this study. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample of 130 respondents. Data analysis in this study used Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the study concluded that emotional branding affects loyalty and satisfaction; the corporate image has an effect on loyalty and satisfaction; satisfaction affects loyalty; satisfaction mediates the effect of emotional branding and corporate image on loyalty. Satisfaction acts as a partial mediating variable.

The high student attrition at the masters' and doctorate levels requires universities to be customer-oriented, and flexible in their capacity to deliver higher value to mature students whose needs and expectations are high. Therefore, this study aims to assess student experience and service delivery levels that academic departments provide postgraduate students at public universities in KwaZulu-Natal. An empirical study was conducted amongst masters’ and doctorate students at a university of technology, a traditional university, and a comprehensive university. The study involved a survey questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale and included seven service delivery dimensions which respondents were to rank accordingly. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics and the factors that emerged from factor analysis were tested for reliability and validity by conducting Cronbach's alpha. The results show that postgraduate students are university customers and therefore expect courtesy and professionalism in the delivery of postgraduate programmes. The results further suggest that retention capabilities exist for the traditional university compared to the other types of universities. Students seem to be moderately satisfied with the quality of academic services offered by universities. Service delivery experience among students appears to vary across universities. Universities should take cognisance of the gaps and attempt to be more customer-oriented to ensure the needs and expectations of graduate students are met. The findings of the study may serve as guidelines for a follow-up qualitative study to establish the specific areas where students were not satisfied.

This study aims to examine the effect of customer loyalty programs on customer buying behavior in supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya.  Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of reward programs, point accumulation programs, and reward frequency programs on customer buying behavior. A descriptive research design was employed, and questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. A sample of 384 respondents was selected from a target population of 985,016 using the non-probabilistic purposive sampling method. Findings indicate that consumers’ level of preference for the particular supermarket loyalty programs was high in specific supermarkets. It was also found that points’ redemption rates differed among the supermarkets. The majority of the supermarkets allowed customers to redeem their points at any time and customers preferred benefits connected to frequent visits and fast points reimbursement based on the reward method used. The study concluded that point cumulative program and reward method program positively and significantly affects consumer buying behavior but reward frequency negatively and significantly affected customer buying behavior. The study recommended that the point accumulation program should be made easier for customers by the marketing departments in the supermarkets.

Advances in technology and increasing business competition have caused many companies to revisit strategies in order to retain customers. Factors of satisfaction and loyalty are things that have always been the company's goal in obtaining growth. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence satisfaction and loyalty is important. This study was proposed to investigate the factors that can affect consumer satisfaction and loyalty to online application users in booking hotels. This research is a quantitative research using an explanatory research approach. The results show that the goodness of fit as a whole has met the feasibility of the model. Based on the results of the study, practically researchers can recommend the hospitality industry service platform to maintain the quality of Perceived Value and the application of Relational Quality to customers who directly come to the hotel by providing a respectful, empathetic, polite and mild attitude to help what customers need.

The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of financial capability on customer relationship management in private hospitals in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey design. It targeted 161 private hospitals which are accredited by NHIF in Kenya and which formed the unit of analysis of the study. Simple random sampling was then be used to obtain the 644 respondents. The researcher utilized a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale to gather the data. The collected data was coded and entered in SPSS for further analysis. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted. The findings indicate there was a statistical and significant relationship between financial capabilities and customer relationship management. Financial capabilities explained 48.5% of the variability in customer relationship management in private hospitals. Hospitals should plan ahead forecast on financial emerging issues to avoid financial distress. Good governance is critical in an organization because it enables flexible adjustments to the emerging spending patterns as strategic demands arise.

Notwithstanding the increasing acknowledgment of prominence of Brand Loyalty (BL), in business performance, research efforts directed at investigating the relationship among Brand Service Quality (ServQ), Brand Experience (BE), Brand Trust (BT) and Brand Loyalty (BL) in the context of Kurdistan Region internet service industry, have largely been neglected. Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to fill this void. Service quality in this research is measured in two dimensions: technical and functional, while BE is measured in four dimensions: sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral. In particular, the current study seeks to explore the direct effects of Technical Service Quality (TQ) and Functional Service Quality (FQ) on consumer BE, BT and BL; and the mediating role of BE in brand service quality – brand trust relationship. Moreover, the direct impact of BT on BL along with the mediating role of BT in the BE-BL relationship will also be examined. To empirically test the posited research hypotheses, data is collected from internet consumers in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil provinces of the Kurdistan region in Iraq. In total, 485 internet users were interviewed in the region. The collected data were analyzed using IBM AMOS 23. Findings demonstrate that the Technical Quality of internet services impacts Brand Experience more positively than Functional Quality does. On the contrary, Functional Quality affects the customer Brand Trust directly while Technical Quality does not have any direct impact on the customer Brand Trust. Secondly, It is also observed that Brand Experience significantly mediates the relations between Technical Quality and Brand Trust. The direct impact of the Functional Quality on Brand Trust was stronger than the mediation effect of Brand Experience between Functional Quality and Brand Trust. It was observed that Brand Trust had a significant impact on customer Brand Loyalty. Lastly, Brand Trust significantly mediates the relations between Brand Experience and Brand Loyalty.