Explore the evidence.
Understand the reach.

The purpose of this study is to compare the marine management authority exercised by local governments based on the laws and regulations that have been in effect since the establishment of the local government law to the current local government law. This type of study is library research with a statutory, comparative, and historical approach. All information and data obtained are then collected and analyzed according to the topic of study. The conclusion of this study shows that the authority for marine management owned by local governments has only been in effect since Law No. 22 of 1999, Law No. 32 of 2004, and Law No. 23 of 2014. At the same time, the previous law did not specifically regulate local governments' authority in marine management.  

Foundation legal entities have organs that carry out the functions of the foundation. The management of the foundation has responsibility for the legal entity of the foundation. This study aims to find out about disputes between foundations and foundation administrators in internal conflicts including the dismissal, replacement and appointment of foundation administrators and procedures for resolving disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through the general judiciary and state administration. If a board member is found to have acted detrimental to the foundation, then based on the decision of the supervisor's meeting, the board can be dismissed, this is a trigger for disputes that occur within the foundation. The settlement of this dispute can be resolved by filing a lawsuit by the management which is dismissed on the basis of unlawful acts committed by the foundation. This research is normative legal research with qualitative analysis. This study concludes disputes between foundations and foundation management are caused by the implementation of foundation activities that are not in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the implementation of the foundation's articles of association and the household itself. Settlement of disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through judicial institutions is one alternative dispute resolution that can be used and is stated in the provisions concerning foundations, depending on the type of dispute, and the object of the dispute for dispute resolution before the court.

The port is a gateway to enter a region or country and as a liaison infrastructure between regions, between islands, and even between countries. One of the important factors in the port is the shipping lane. The shipping lane is used for the trajectory of ships that will enter the port pool. The Port Business Entity has the obligation to carry out maintenance of shipping lanes and port pools in the form of dredging, so that ship traffic flows and port pools can be maintained properly. However, there are obstacles to carrying out dredging, namely regulations related to the obligation of business actors to have at least one dredger unit to obtain a dredging and reclamation business permit. In addition, regarding funding from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), in particular the dredging of shipping lanes and port pools, the central government no longer allocates dredging funds. By using normative legal research, it is known that legal reconstruction in shipping lanes and port pools by port business entities (BUP) will be carried out in the future to realize the discourse on the transformation of port business entities. In addition, it is necessary to improve Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping; it is necessary to improve port regulations.

The legal vacuum regarding Passive Subjective Novation causes legal uncertainty and creates problems because there are no clear references in terms of understanding, implementing regulations, and standard operating procedures. The purpose of this research is to find out the right arrangement related to Passive Subjective Novation so that it can provide legal certainty and protection. This research is normative juridical research using an analytical approach and a conceptual approach as well as analysis techniques of grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation and teleological interpretation to analyze primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that there are two ways of legal protection in the passive subjective Novation case, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection can be done by making a new statutory regulation or adding provisions to existing laws and regulations regarding passive subjective novation of credit agreements by using mortgage guarantees. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection can be carried out by giving sanctions to violators of the agreement that has been made related to passive subjective novation of credit agreements by using mortgage guarantees, namely in the form of compensation, fulfillment of achievements, and a combination of compensation and fulfillment of achievements.

Since 2020, the pledge of shares has been re-recognized as one of the efforts for business development, as an example of which will be carried out by PT Pegadaian after the merger with PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia. This fact shows that Pledge of Shares has developed as a new trend in economic development, especially in limited liability companies. However, in Indonesia, this trend growth has not been matched by a regulatory system that guarantees legal protection for debtors, especially in the Pledge Of Shares Execution for a Public Company, which are carried out by private sale. This condition has created many legal vacuums, which have led to inconsistent court decisions regarding the pledge of shares execution in public companies. Therefore, according to the above, through this writing, the author aims to describe a regulatory pattern that can create a protection mechanism for debtors related to the Pledge of Shares Execution for a Public Company by private Sale—aiming to provide recommendations on regulatory patterns based on a comparison of the pledge of shares execution for public companies in several countries that have a frequency of active business transaction activities with Indonesia, namely Singapore and the United States of America, in the hope of providing a comprehensive reference to determine the regulatory pattern that suits the needs Indonesia to produce sustainable economic development. The preparation of this writing was made using a normative juridical method. So that through the results of this writing, it can be an alternative solution to the legal vacuum.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Law Number 6 of 2023 and its impact on national investment growth in Indonesia. This Constitutional Court Decision was stipulated on October 31, 2024, in response to the request for a material review of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation instead of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into a Law related to changes to provisions originally regulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research methodology uses a doctrinal legal research approach that focuses on the law and involves analyzing legal rules found in primary sources. This document uses data from scientific contributions published in academic research databases. The findings of this study are that labor laws are expected to reflect the national legal commitment to maintaining harmony between industry needs and worker protection so that the benefits can be felt by all parties involved in employment relations in Indonesia. Thus, this Constitutional Court decision is expected to create fairer labor standards in the form of creating an employment ecosystem in Indonesia. This scientific contribution concludes that labor laws and regulations are expected to be able to increase national investment growth in Indonesia. This study is of interest to various stakeholders, legislators, companies, academics, and others to encourage national economic growth in general, and national investment growth in particular after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023.

This study aims to determine and examine the transformation of the Satya Adhi Wicaksana teachings (Loyalty based on honesty, both towards God Almighty, oneself and family and towards fellow human beings) to build the integrity of Adhyaksa personnel (prosecutors and administrative staff) at the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a qualitative descriptive analysis approach and primary and secondary data processing. The findings of this study are that the transformation of the Satya Adhi Wicaksana teachings is a very important guideline for every Adhyaksa personnel and aims to build the integrity of law enforcement officers at the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia. Then the transformation of the Satya Adhi Wicaksana teachings which are associated with the Pancasila philosophy, is very relevant for higher legal education in Indonesia to produce law graduates who have integrity, competence and professionalism so that they can apply laws and regulations in Indonesia by the principles of the implementation of the state's law enforcement function. Furthermore, the transformation of the Satya Adhi Wicaksana doctrine is expected to foster public trust in prosecutors, increase the consistency and fairness of prosecution actions, and provide a basis for holding prosecutors accountable. Thus, this research is expected to provide a contribution of thought for the government, especially the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Pancasila philosophy.

The purpose of this study is to compare the marine management authority exercised by local governments based on the laws and regulations that have been in effect since the establishment of the local government law to the current local government law. This type of study is library research with a statutory, comparative, and historical approach. All information and data obtained are then collected and analyzed according to the topic of study. The conclusion of this study shows that the authority for marine management owned by local governments has only been in effect since Law No. 22 of 1999, Law No. 32 of 2004, and Law No. 23 of 2014. At the same time, the previous law did not specifically regulate local governments' authority in marine management.  

Foundation legal entities have organs that carry out the functions of the foundation. The management of the foundation has responsibility for the legal entity of the foundation. This study aims to find out about disputes between foundations and foundation administrators in internal conflicts including the dismissal, replacement and appointment of foundation administrators and procedures for resolving disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through the general judiciary and state administration. If a board member is found to have acted detrimental to the foundation, then based on the decision of the supervisor's meeting, the board can be dismissed, this is a trigger for disputes that occur within the foundation. The settlement of this dispute can be resolved by filing a lawsuit by the management which is dismissed on the basis of unlawful acts committed by the foundation. This research is normative legal research with qualitative analysis. This study concludes disputes between foundations and foundation management are caused by the implementation of foundation activities that are not in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and the implementation of the foundation's articles of association and the household itself. Settlement of disputes between foundations and foundation administrators through judicial institutions is one alternative dispute resolution that can be used and is stated in the provisions concerning foundations, depending on the type of dispute, and the object of the dispute for dispute resolution before the court.

The port is a gateway to enter a region or country and as a liaison infrastructure between regions, between islands, and even between countries. One of the important factors in the port is the shipping lane. The shipping lane is used for the trajectory of ships that will enter the port pool. The Port Business Entity has the obligation to carry out maintenance of shipping lanes and port pools in the form of dredging, so that ship traffic flows and port pools can be maintained properly. However, there are obstacles to carrying out dredging, namely regulations related to the obligation of business actors to have at least one dredger unit to obtain a dredging and reclamation business permit. In addition, regarding funding from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), in particular the dredging of shipping lanes and port pools, the central government no longer allocates dredging funds. By using normative legal research, it is known that legal reconstruction in shipping lanes and port pools by port business entities (BUP) will be carried out in the future to realize the discourse on the transformation of port business entities. In addition, it is necessary to improve Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping; it is necessary to improve port regulations.