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<em>Dünyada sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sağlık bilincinin oluşturulması için birey temelli uygulamalara odaklanılmış ve bu kapsamda sağlık okuryazarlığı (SO) kavramı gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. SO, bireylere kendi sağlık kararları ile ilgili doğru tercihlerde bulunma yetisinin kazandırılması yanında tıbbi bilgileri doğru anlama, yorumlama ve sağlığı ile ilgili uygun kararları verecek davranışlar geliştirmesinin sağlanmasını ifade etmektedir. Bireylerin demografik özellikleri, genetik faktörler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, hastalıkları yönetme şekli, sosyoekonomik özellikleri gibi pek çok faktör ile ilişkilendirilebilen sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yetersizliği elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlık hizmetlerine tahsis edilen kaynakların aşırı ya da gerektiği gibi kullanılmamasına neden olmaktadır.Bu çalışma ile yetersiz SO’nın sağlık harcamalarına olan etkilerinin analiz edilmesi ve Türkiye (TR)’nin sağlık harcamaları içerisinde yetersiz SO’dan kaynaklanan mali yükün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Vernon ve Diğerlerinin (2007), Friedland (2002)’nin varsayımlarını kullanarak geliştirdiği maliyet tahmin modeli ile Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışanları Sendikası tarafından 2014 yılında yayınlanan “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması”nın verileri kullanılarak TR için yetersiz SO’nın tahmini maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır.</em>

In today’s business world, social media tools (i.e. facebook, twitter, Linkedin, etc.) begin to play an important role in reaching and communicating with customers for businesses. However, the importance of using social media can’t be still understood by SMEs so far.  Businesses use different social media tools in various purposes in their life. In this research we aim to investigate the ideas of SMEs about social media and their aims of using social media tools. Data were collected from SMEs operating in Burdur by simple random sampling. The data obtained from the 84 questionnaires was entered to computer and statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20 statistical program. In this study, reliability analysis was used firstly. Then, some descriptive analyses were carried out about using social media for SMEs. Finally, a frequency table regarding the social media usage in SMEs was given. As a result, it was seen that 82.1% of SMEs participating in this study have a social network page. Secondly, SMEs are using facebook social media network mostly. In addition, SMEs have expressed that they attend all statements involved in the use of social media scale.

This research aims to investigate the relation of the innovation types such as service innovation, process innovation and management innovation with the performance. Additionally, this study will also focus on whether there is a mediator role of technological capability and organizational learning on performance. The research data were collected from 306 principals and teachers working in medium-large scaled high schools in Istanbul. The research results showed that, as hypothesized, the types of innovations significantly correlated with the performance. Besides, organizational learning and technological capability had partially a mediating effect in the relationship between the innovation types and performance.

Rapid urbanization and the advances in Information and Communication Technology have changed the definition of "city" all over the world. In the beginning, the concept emerged as Digital Cities and gradually changed to Smart Cities bringing criteria along. It is inevitable that, in future the concept will change and develop new criteria. There are many components in the smart city, with the knowledge of the idea of "information and communication technologies", which is the focus of smart cities and the cities of the future. The ability to define cities as smart is possible through the development of balanced applications around these applications. In this study, the Istanbul city will be evaluated in the context of smart city studies while it is presented with components of smart city concept.

This study aims to determine the influencing factors of the banks to join corporate social responsibility activities. Within this scope, annual data of 23 deposit banks in Turkey for the periods between 2005 and 2015 was taken into the consideration. In addition to this situation, panel probit model was used in the analysis so as to achieve this objective. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that there is a negative relationship between CSR activities and nonperforming loans ratio. This situation shows that banks do not prefer to make social responsibility activities in case of higher financial losses. In addition to this situation, it was also identified that there is a positive relationship between return on asset and corporate social responsibility activities of the banks. In other words, it can be understood that Turkish deposit banks, which have higher profitability, joint more CSR activities in comparison with others.

<em>Dünyada sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sağlık bilincinin oluşturulması için birey temelli uygulamalara odaklanılmış ve bu kapsamda sağlık okuryazarlığı (SO) kavramı gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. SO, bireylere kendi sağlık kararları ile ilgili doğru tercihlerde bulunma yetisinin kazandırılması yanında tıbbi bilgileri doğru anlama, yorumlama ve sağlığı ile ilgili uygun kararları verecek davranışlar geliştirmesinin sağlanmasını ifade etmektedir. Bireylerin demografik özellikleri, genetik faktörler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, hastalıkları yönetme şekli, sosyoekonomik özellikleri gibi pek çok faktör ile ilişkilendirilebilen sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yetersizliği elde edilen bulgulara göre sağlık hizmetlerine tahsis edilen kaynakların aşırı ya da gerektiği gibi kullanılmamasına neden olmaktadır.Bu çalışma ile yetersiz SO’nın sağlık harcamalarına olan etkilerinin analiz edilmesi ve Türkiye (TR)’nin sağlık harcamaları içerisinde yetersiz SO’dan kaynaklanan mali yükün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Vernon ve Diğerlerinin (2007), Friedland (2002)’nin varsayımlarını kullanarak geliştirdiği maliyet tahmin modeli ile Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmet Çalışanları Sendikası tarafından 2014 yılında yayınlanan “Türkiye Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Araştırması”nın verileri kullanılarak TR için yetersiz SO’nın tahmini maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır.</em>

<p><em>The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the bank lending channel exist or not. Within this context, quarterly data of for the periods between 2002q1 and 2016q4 was taken into the consideration. Additionally, VAR model was used to reach the objective. According to the result of impulse response function, it was reached that</em><em> producer price index, real exchange rate and policy rate are effective determinants. Additionally, banks balance sheet has important and positive influence on total credits but industrial production index is regarded as partially effective. While considering this result, it was also found that both bank balance and macroeconomic variables used in this study is the main determinants of bank total credit.</em></p>

<p><em>In this study, we investigate factors affecting net interest margin (NIM) of commercial banks in Turkey. Especially, our results highlight the relation between unconventional monetary policy shocks and bank margins. To this end, first, we conduct an identification analysis about which parameters of asymmetric interest corridor framework are important in explaining variations in NIM. Using industry-level data, we show that there exists a pass through from BIST interbank overnight repo/reverse repo market rate and weighted average cost of funding (WACF) to bank loan and deposit rates. As a result of reduced-form Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis we find the existence of a transmission mechanism from BIST rate and WACF to commercial loan rate, consumer loan rate and deposit rate. Same pass through to loan and deposit rates is also shown in individual bank level with the Panel Vector Autoregression (Panel VAR) analysis in the case of 16 commercial banks in Turkey during the period 2011Q1-2016Q1. After the identification analysis, we examine the relationship between NIM and policy rates through System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques by controlling bank specific, industry related and macroeconomic factors. We find that a change in the monetary policy rate has significant and positive impact on NIM. Among bank-specific factors, equity ratio and operating expenses are found to be significantly affecting NIM during the sample period. Our empirical findings also stress the significance of lag values of NIM. Estimations conducted with standardized variables indicate that economic significance of lag values and bank specific variables are larger than that of policy.</em></p>

Energy is one of the most important dynamics of economic growth all over the world. Specially developing countries are in need of much more enery to provide economic growth. In this study, the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, inflation and trade openness is exaimined by using structural VAR model for fragile five countries which have similar characteristics in terms of macroeconomic indicators. The analysis carried out with annual data that contains 1971-2013 period for fragile countries which contains of Turkey, South Africa, India, Indonesia and Brazil. According to the empirical results of the study, shocks that emerged in economic growth affect energy consumption positively but decreasingly in all countries. A substantial part of changes in energy consumption are explaned with economic growth in Turkey, India and Brazil. More than 80 percent of changes in energy consumption arise from energy consumption in South Africa and Indonesia.

Aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between intentional leadership styles and innovation. Research, was held in Istanbul Sisli, at the one of Turkey's largest logistics company. A total of 7000 people, including 1200 mid-level executives and 100 senior executives, are in operation. The survey was conducted with the participation of 100 senior managers. Working with this content is a case study. As a result of analysis of research data; it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between the general leadership scale and the autocracy, democracy, humanism, bureaucracy and charismatic subordinate to it. Another meaningful relationship was found between leadership scale sub-dimensions and autocracy and innovation scale. A statistically significant difference was not found between the variables except this.