International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy

Governance is still a contested concept in both theory and practice.  A proliferation of the concept has sprung up in literature.  One comes across variations where reference is made to co-production, public governance, good governance, hybridity governance, hybrid governance, to name but a few. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual overview of the evolution of the concept governance in general and hybrid governance particulary focused on selected African countries.  It is important to clarify what hybrid governance involves, and its implications for state capacity and service delivery.  Furthermore, it is imperative to discern whether hybrid governance could be a useful conceptual tool for facilitating more organised systems of service delivery in parts of Africa and South Africa, or whether it is just “new developmental jargon”. The paper employed a qualitative research approach where secondary sources of information, constituting document analysis, premised around forms of hybrid governance in selected African countries were explored. The paper makes a conceptual contribution to the collaborative international governance discourse.

This study aims to explore the current state of the adoption of e-health tools for digital mental health services (DMHS) at a selected South African higher education institution. A quantitative case study was conducted at a single university in Cape Town, South Africa, surveying 348 voluntary participants. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. The results of this study indicate that awareness of freely accessible DMHS, service providers, and Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies are significant factors driving the adoption of e-health tools. However, internet accessibility, internet cost concerns, multiple device use, social media use, searching for services, and preferences for digital over in-person services showed no significant correlation with the current state of adoption factor. The study concludes that awareness of DMHS, service providers, and 4IR technologies are key drivers for the sustainable adoption of e-health tools post-COVID-19. The results inform practical strategies for the sustainable adoption of e-health tools in SA HEIs and may be relevant to similar institutions in global contexts. The findings are potentially applicable to similar contexts globally. Thus, helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of the United Nations of ensuring good health and wellbeing.

This study focused on improving the diagnosis of African swine fever (ASF) by improving accuracy, reliability and precision using various machine learning algorithms. Data from the European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF and the EU Animal Disease Information System (ADIS) containing clinical information on wild and domestic pigs were processed and converted into numerical and categorical formats for analysis. Various machine learning models were tested as part of the study, including linear regression, Bayesian regression, support vector machines (SVM), decision trees, random forest classifiers, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and logistic regression. The models were evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and root mean square error (RMSE). The results showed that the SVM achieved the lowest performance with 44.4% accuracy, followed by the logistic regression model with 61.5%. The neural network model achieved 69% accuracy, closely followed by the decision tree model with 70%. The linear regression model performed slightly better with 74% accuracy. Bayesian regression achieved a higher accuracy of 80%, while the Random Forest model outperformed all others, achieving the highest accuracy of 88.9%. These results make an important contribution to economic efficiency and innovative applications in veterinary medicine and improve disease management through advanced machine learning techniques.

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in digital marketing enhances the competitiveness of small retail businesses (SRBs) in Cape Town, South Africa. Guided by an integrated Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across eight databases, resulting in the inclusion of 37 empirical and conceptual studies published between 2015 and 2025. Findings show that AI adoption remains modest, with only 39% of small businesses planning to develop internal AI capabilities by 2025. The most common entry points are ChatGPT, text-to-image generators, predictive analytics systems, and WhatsApp-based chatbots. Businesses using these tools reported an average 11% increase in sales and a 28% reduction in marketing costs within six months. However, adoption is constrained by infrastructure challenges (patchy broadband, power cuts, high cloud costs), organisational limitations (low digital literacy, managerial scepticism, fear of automation), and socio-cultural barriers (language diversity and customer mistrust of chatbots). This study provides the first Cape Town-focused synthesis linking AI adoption to SME competitiveness through the TOE–UTAUT framework. It recommends policy measures to improve digital infrastructure and data governance, practical initiatives to strengthen AI literacy and ethical awareness, and theoretical extensions to contextualise socio-cultural dimensions of AI use. Collectively, these insights contribute to advancing inclusive, trust-based digital transformation in Cape Town’s small business ecosystem.

Digital transformation is significantly reshaping the global agribusiness sector, with South Africa actively participating in this technological shift. This paper investigates the influence of digital technologies on enhancing productivity, sustainability, and competitiveness within South African agriculture. The adoption of innovations such as precision agriculture, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain is increasingly viewed as essential for addressing challenges related to climate change, food insecurity, and economic instability. The study highlights the potential of digital transformation to improve supply chain transparency, expand market access, and strengthen risk management. However, it also acknowledges persistent obstacles to adoption. These include poor digital infrastructure in rural regions, high technology implementation costs, limited technical skills, and gaps in digital literacy, particularly among smallholder farmers. By drawing on literature reviews, policy analysis, and empirical case studies, the paper provides a balanced assessment of both opportunities and limitations associated with digital agriculture in the South African context. Findings reveal that while large commercial farms are increasingly utilizing digital tools, small-scale farmers face systemic barriers that limit their participation in the digital economy. As a result, the paper advocates for inclusive digital strategies and capacity-building programs aimed at closing the digital divide. It emphasizes that the success of digital transformation in South African agri-business depends heavily on coordinated efforts among government, industry players, and local farming communities to ensure broad-based access and equitable outcomes.

This article systematically reviews literature on the challenges affecting the delivery of low-income housing in Cape Town, South Africa. A systematic method, informed by PRISMA, was employed to identify, evaluate, and select relevant scholarly works, official documents, policy papers, and governmental publications. The identified sources were subjected to a thematic analysis with the objective to pinpoint recurrent issues that impact the provision of low-income housing. The review found that low-income housing delivery in Cape Town is affected by interconnected challenges, including land availability, spatial inequality, funding constraints, infrastructure limitations, administrative delays, weak institutional coordination, limited stakeholder participation and transparency concerns. The results demonstrate that low-income housing delivery should be viewed as a major governance, planning, and service-delivery issue in addition to the building of housing units. This paper suggests that integrated human settlements, better financial planning, more transparent approval processes, more intergovernmental cooperation, significant stakeholder participation, and open communication should be given top priority when it comes to Cape Town's low-income housing delivery. Through summarizing previous research and emphasizing the necessity of an integrated strategy to address Cape Town's low-income housing issues, the article adds to the conversation regarding housing delivery.

This paper examines how drawing skills can be taught to unemployed youth in under-resourced contexts to support the expression of their lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Framed within a vocational education and training (VET) skills ecosystem orientation, the study positions creative skills development as part of broader human development and livelihood sustainability initiatives in informal settings. The paper aims to explore the potential of arts-based research (ABR) as a pedagogical and methodological approach for developing 21st-century skills, with a specific focus on drawing as a tool for communication and reflection during a crisis. We employed a qualitative arts-based research design that combined creative workshops, visual artefacts, and participant reflections. Due to pandemic-related restrictions, the research design was adapted to a digital environment, with WhatsApp used as the primary platform for skills instruction, interaction, and data collection. The dataset comprised visual drawings produced by unemployed youth participants, reflective narratives, and facilitator observations generated during a series of online creative workshops. The qualitative and visual data were analysed thematically, resulting in six key themes that captured participants’ experiences of unemployment, uncertainty, resilience, identity, and the challenges of learning creative skills in a digitally mediated, resource-constrained context. The main findings demonstrate that (i) drawing skills can be effectively taught using low-cost digital platforms, even in under-resourced settings; (ii) creative processes enable unemployed youth to articulate and reflect on their lived experiences during a pandemic; and (iii) a VET-oriented skills ecosystem provides a useful framework for situating arts-based skills development within broader livelihood and social support structures. Despite a small sample size, the study contributes practical insights into conducting arts-based research during crises and offers guidance for integrating creative skills development into informal youth skills ecosystems.

This article examines the influence of mentorship on women entrepreneurs in Cape Town, South Africa. The study assesses the extent to which mentorship contributes to personal empowerment, entrepreneurial performance, and innovation, while accounting for the effects of systemic barriers and the policy environment. A qualitative research design was employed, incorporating a systematic literature review guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to synthesize existing evidence. The review followed an iterative screening process, identifying three peer-reviewed studies that explicitly address mentorship in relation to women entrepreneurs within the African context. The findings from the literature indicate that women entrepreneurs across Africa face persistent structural constraints, including social-cultural norms, limited access to skills development, weak support systems, financial exclusion, and inadequate policy frameworks.  To complement the literature, primary data were collected from ten young female entrepreneurs in Cape Town who participated in a mentorship programme at RLabs. The empirical finding reinforce the significance of mentorship as a critical enabler of entrepreneurial growth, particularly in enhancing self-efficacy, business capabilities, and innovative practices. The study concludes that mentorship functions as a context-dependent and multifaceted mechanism that bridges personal empowerment and entrepreneurial outcomes. However, its effectiveness is contingent on the alignment of mentorship programmes with the specific social-economic realities of women entrepreneurs. The article recommends the design and implementation of targeted, context-sensitive mentorship interventions supported by enabling policy frameworks. While women's entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as a catalyst for economic development in Africa, persistent systemic constraints continue to impede their full potential. This study contributes to literature by advancing a nuanced understanding of mentorship as both an individual and structural lever for entrepreneurial success within emerging economies. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming digital marketing by enabling advanced analytics, automation, and personalised customer engagement. Despite growing adoption, qualitative insights into how small retail enterprises in emerging economies adopt AI remain limited. This study examines AI adoption in digital marketing among small retailers in Cape Town using an interpretivist qualitative case study design. Grounded in an integrated Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants identified via snowball sampling. Thematic analysis shows that AI adoption is driven by competitive pressure, customer expectations, and perceived performance benefits, but is constrained by skills gaps, cost concerns, and data-related challenges. The study extends TOE–UTAUT theory by demonstrating how platform-based AI tools reduce technological barriers while amplifying organisational and capability-related constraints in emerging market contexts. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to support sustainable digital transformation in small business ecosystems.

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa’s tourism sector increasingly rely on business excellence practices to enhance competitiveness and performance. This study examines how employees in Cape Town tourism SMEs perceive business excellence, using a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative thematic insights. The findings identify key critical success factors underpinning business excellence, namely customer and employee satisfaction, operational efficiency, and organisational growth, with satisfaction emerging as the most dominant driver of performance. Additional enabling factors include strong leadership, continuous employee training, effective communication, and the implementation of quality management practices. While most employees indicated the presence of quality plans, gaps in understanding formal business excellence frameworks were evident, suggesting a disconnect between practice and conceptual awareness. These findings reinforce the importance of service quality as central to achieving sustained competitiveness in tourism SMEs. The study contributes to the effective and efficient adaptation of business excellence in both existing and future strategies for tourism SMEs' organizational development. The study contributes empirically to the limited South African literature on business excellence in SMEs and highlights the relevance of employee-centred performance dimensions. Practically, the results suggest that tourism SMEs should prioritise staff development, embed quality management systems, and foster a culture of continuous improvement, while policymakers and industry stakeholders should support SMEs through targeted training and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the effective adoption of business excellence frameworks. The main implication of the study results is that when business excellence principles are implemented, success and better results are easily achieved.