International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science

In modern age, positive psychological capital is as important as financial capital for organizational development and sustainability. Efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience are the dimensions of positive psychological capital. Emotional labor is defined by Hochschild as control of self emotions at work by workers who have a high degree of contact with coworkers within the organization or with external clients, so as to create an expression, voice or body gesture which is acceptible to the clients. Emotional labor is analysized under three components: surface acting, deep acting and naturally felt emotions. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychological capital on emotional labor. So a research is conducted with the aim of exploring the relationship between the sub-dimensions of psychological capital and emotional labour.

Both in Turkey and in the world in 1980 was a year of major structural transformations. Globalization has been accelerated in this time and countries have implemented some liberal policies for opening borders to foreign capital. Economies began to be led by export-oriented industrialization and liberalization policies after 1980 and these policies continue since then. Turkey is one of these countries that began liberalization after 1980. While decreasing trade barriers exerts a downward pressure on prices trade liberalization represents a structural break. This study aims to examine the relationship between trade openness and inflation over the period 1980-2011 for Turkey by using OLS method. The proportion of foreign trade volume (exports plus imports) to GDP and real exchange rates are used as measures of trade openness besides inflation rate. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there was a negative correlation between trade openness and inflation rate for the dedicated years in Turkey. The effects of crisis and election years in Turkey have been also tested and found statistically insignificant.

We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability.

In a data set, an outlier refers to a data point that is considerably different from the others. Detecting outliers provides useful application-specific insights and leads to choosing right prediction models. Outlier detection (also known as anomaly detection or novelty detection) has been studied in statistics and machine learning for a long time. It is an essential preprocessing step of data mining process. In this study, outlier detection step in the data mining process is applied for identifying the top 20 outlier firms. Three outlier detection algorithms are utilized using fundamental analysis variables of firms listed in Borsa Istanbul for the 2011-2014 period. The results of each algorithm are presented and compared. Findings show that 15 different firms are identified by three different outlier detection methods. KCHOL and SAHOL have the greatest number of appearances with 12 observations among these firms. By investigating the results, it is concluded that each of three algorithms makes different outlier firm lists due to differences in their approaches for outlier detection.

Impulse buying is a common phenomenon of consumption today and its getting great attention from consumer researchers as well as marketers. It is important for companies to have a good understanding of factors triggering impulse buying. The main aim of this study is to identify the determinants influencing Turkish consumers’ impulse buying behavior in supermarkets. 593 surveys were taken into analysis which were collected between the dates 5-10 December, 2017. Regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to test the hypotheses. While some independent variables such as sales promotion and credit card usage found to be the affecting factors of impulse buying; variables such as income level is found to have no relation with impulse purchasing.

This study reviews the management of the in-service training that could contribute to the professional and personal development of the physicians providing primary health care during their post-graduate period. The field study aims to detect the importance and necessity of the in-service training, which is known to provide professional and personal development after graduation in every field of profession, in the health sector, and the approaches of the physicians who provide primary health care on the issue. During the application process, a field study was conducted through an online survey with the participation of 4,034 primary care physicians working in Istanbul. 610 people participated in validly in the study. The opinions, evaluations, and expectations of the physicians about in-service training were measured. In addition, it was tried to determine the knowledge and skill levels of the physicians on these issues by determining the in-service training subjects that physicians deemed necessary for their professional and personal development. The study has three remarkable results. The first result is that physicians care about the in-service training be given in 1-2 hours courses, at least once a month, in a comfortable place such as a hotel and especially with practical methods. The second important result is that the number of physicians who believe that the training should be given by universities and that the training this way will contribute to professional and personal development that constitute the majority. The third result emphasizes that even if the physicians participating in the study find their knowledge and skill levels about preventive healthcare and chronic diseases sufficient, they want to receive more education in this field
  

A strong supply chain management in healthcare institutions improves the healthcare service quality at the micro level and contributes to the national economy at the macro level. The healthcare service includes various producers, suppliers and their activities within the supply chain. Thereby, the performance of these organizations as well as their intra-chain activities affects the healthcare service. On the other hand, to provide a qualified and efficient healthcare service, it is necessary but difficult to manage this versatile chain effectively. The current study aims to provide an overview of supply chain management of Turkish health sector in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. Firstly, the study examines healthcare supply chain management and its components. The following sections discuss drug and medical device manufacturers, wholesale distributors and retailers in the Turkish health sector supply chain. Finally, the problems encountered in the health sector supply chain applications and their possible solutions are discussed. Therefore by providing a better understanding of the supply chain management applications in the healthcare sector, it is intended to provide guidance to both managers and researchers for their future work.

We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability.

Increasing globalization of the healthcare sector indicates that there are new opportunities for emerging markets to take a bigger share from the whole healthcare industry. This is realized in the form of medical tourism where people prefer to travel to different destinations to receive medical treatments and services. Medical tourists prefer to travel for several reasons like low cost, high quality care or shorter waiting periods. The industry is growing rapidly and the annual expenditure is estimated to be around US$ 30 billion at the end of 2019. The challenging amount of expenditure whets the appetite of the countries and competitiveness becomes crucial to take more market share in this respect. Therefore the factors that build up competitiveness is identified and assessed thoroughly. This paper makes a literature review on the subject and recommends a New research opportunity for Turkey in this field.

Impulse buying is a common phenomenon of consumption today and its getting great attention from consumer researchers as well as marketers. It is important for companies to have a good understanding of factors triggering impulse buying. The main aim of this study is to identify the determinants influencing Turkish consumers’ impulse buying behavior in supermarkets. 593 surveys were taken into analysis which were collected between the dates 5-10 December, 2017. Regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to test the hypotheses. While some independent variables such as sales promotion and credit card usage found to be the affecting factors of impulse buying; variables such as income level is found to have no relation with impulse purchasing.