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<p>Considering the impacts of the conflict on the economic parameters in terms of macroeconomics, the following factors might affect the profitability of the company: foreign capital outflows, decrease in exports, increase in the interest rates, disruption of the investment climate, increase in the exchange rates, increase in the costs of import entry etc. Due to the expectable decrease in profit shares as to the investors, the contraction in the risk appetite will cause volatility in the prices of equity securities markets based on the impacts of the conflict, and the equity securities will depreciate. In this study, the main contributions on conflict risk and related econometric models have been discussed.</p>

<p>The World Bank is the most important financier for international investment. The bank opens credits mostly for investment projects in developing countries. Turkey has received various investment credits since its membership to the World Bank on March 11, 1947. The credits were used for economic and social domains. Turkey has also been granted credits from the European Investment Bank (EIB). The credits received are composed of micro credits that belong to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A regional development bank, Islamic Development Bank, has also received credits through Eximbank and Industrial Development Bank of Turkey (TSKB) to finance Turkish SMEs. This paper deals with Turkish investment strategies in the framework of basic principles of investment – development banks.</p>

<p>Banks, one of the most significant economic means of the nations and international organizations, have occasionally become one of the institutions mostly affected by the financial crisis in the world. Especially in the economies of the developed countries, one of the most important aspects of the financial sector is measured by the size of the financial resources and assets of the banks. The size and place of the investment banks depends on the investment and existing credit reserves appropriated by its members. From this perspective, scrutinizing the Investment and Developments Banks, which is one of the economic growth criteria, is of high importance. To this end, in addition to the operation of the Investment and Development Banks, financial products of these banks in Turkey are also analyzed in this study.</p>

Bu çal??man?n amac?, Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif karl?l??? ile firmaya özgü faktörler aras?ndaki ili?kiyi tespit ederek aktif kârl?l???n?n etkinlikten mi yoksa yo?unla?madan m? kaynakland???n? belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, Türk sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 36 hayat d??? sigorta ?irketi aras?nda 2015 y?l? verilerine göre pazar?n toplam %83.38’ini olu?turan 15 sigorta ?irketinin 2010-2015 dönemine ait mali verileri ile performans ili?kisine yönelik Period SUR panel veri analizi yap?lm??t?r. Analiz sonuçlar?na göre, aktif büyüklü?ü, likidite ve pazar pay? de?i?kenleri ile aktif karl?l??? aras?nda pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?ken kald?raç, hasar/prim oran? ve firma ya?? de?i?kenleri aras?nda ise negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?tir.  Analiz dönemi boyunca Herfindahl–Hirschman Endeksi de?erleri 1.500’ün alt?nda oldu?u için Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektörünün yo?un olmayan bir piyasa görünümünde oldu?u tespit edilmi?tir. Bu nedenle, hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif kârl?l??? yo?unla?madan daha ziyade faaliyetlerdeki etkinlikten kaynaklanmaktad?r.

Nowadays, one of the leading factors used in the evaluation of a country’s economic development is energy consumption. Because of economic growth, demand for energy is also increasing. In this study, the emerging European countries’ (the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Turkey) and the CIS countries’ (Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan)  electricity consumption has been forecasted for five years period (2015-2019). In the study, GM(1,1) Rolling Model, which is developed in the framework of Grey System Theory is used as a mathematical model for real-time forecasting. The results of the study show that there will not be a significant change in electricity demand in this two area during the 2015-2109 period. 

As being a psychosocial creature, the human composing the organization has series of behavioral talents like feeling, idea, desire, ambition, hope and fear. Humans, besides their technical abilities, bring their hopes and concerns, their life philosophy, all exclusive behaviors with them to organizations where they belive they realize their porsonel hopes and desires and establish cooperation. As aresult, established organization has social, human structural property including different personal ideas and behaviors. It was understood that, humans in the organization do not always behave according to rules, which were set by management, and the economical human logic. Human behave in accordance with their emotions and feeling. Because organizations can not satisfy all needs of humans by assigning formal tasks and physical facilities. As a result of these complex reasons generally the members of the organizations, which are established to perform certain official tasks, establish unofficial organizations by developing relations among themselves in order to satisfy their personal needs and feelings. In this study, accepting the value and importance of the official organization, it is desired to tell that unofficial organization is real and important at least the official organization. Becouse at the same time organizations are feelings system, it is beneficial to determine the role of the human in the organization and to regulate the organizationto this fact.

In this study, we aimed to explain the influencing factors of interest rate risk in Turkish banking sector. Within this scope, 20 deposit banks in Turkey were evaluated. Furthermore, annual data for the periods between 2006 and 2015 was analyzed by using panel logit method. According to the results of this analysis, it was identified that 2 explanatory variables affect interest rate risk of Turkish banks. First of all, it was determined that banks, which have higher amount of deposits, are exposed to higher amount of interest rate risk. In addition to this situation, it was also defined that there is a negative relationship between the amount of capital and interest rate risk. As a result of this issue, it was recommended that Turkish banks should increase capital amount in order to manage interest rate risk more effectively.

This research aims to analyze the effect of brand trust and brand loyalty to consumer purchase intentions in the Smartphone market. All the residents of ?stanbul who use mobile phones are the population of the research.  Due to the fact that it is very hard to reach all the population, simple sampling method has been used for data collection and 185 participants have been reached. Structural Equation Model has been used to explain the relationship among brand trust, brand loyalty and purchase intentions. SPSS for Windows 17.0 program and AMOS 20 program are used to analyze the data. Results show that both brand trust and brand loyalty have a positive effect on consumer’s purchase intentions. Also it had been determined that brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty. Moreover, brand trust has been found as the most effective factor for smartphones brands in the purchase intensions.

Bu ara?t?rmada, kamu iktisadi te?ekkülü olarak faaliyet gösteren Elektrik Üretim Anonim ?irketi (EÜA?) Genel Müdürlü?ü Hirfanl? Hidroelektrik Santrali (HES) ??letmesi’nin aktifinde kay?tl? maddi duran varl?klar?n?n gerçe?e uygun de?erleri ile envanter kay?tlar?nda yer alan tarihi (net) de?erleri kar??la?t?r?lm??t?r. Ara?t?rmada varl?k de?erleme çal??mas?nda; bilimsel esaslar, uluslararas? standartlar ve mevzuat?n amir hükümlerine göre gerçekle?tirilmi? ve i?letmenin varl?klar?n de?erlenmesinde piyasa de?eri (emsal de?er, ikame de?eri), maliyet yönetimi ve di?er de?erleme ölçütlerinden faydalan?lm??t?r. ??letmenin mevcut mali kay?tlar?na göre maddi duran varl?klar?n?n 2016 y?l?n?n fiyatlar? üzerinden toplam de?erinin (8.872.054,07 TL), söz konusu varl?klar?n güncel de?erinden (54.342.356,11 TL) yakla??k 6 kat daha dü?ük oldu?u ve do?al olarak i?letmenin varl?k de?erinin oldu?undan çok daha dü?ük olarak kay?tlara yans?t?ld??? dikkati çekmektedir. Ara?t?rma sonuçlar?na göre i?letmenin maddi duran varl?klar?n envanter ve de?erleme çal??malar?n?n, gerçek varl?k de?erlerinin analiz edilmesi ve ç?kan sonuçlar?n finansal yönden yorumlamas? bak?m?ndan anlaml? oldu?u ortaya konulmu?tur.

Küreselle?me, mal ve hizmetlerin dünya ölçe?inde serbest dola??m?d?r. Günümüzde teknolojide ya?anan geli?meler küreselle?menin h?z?n? artt?rm??t?r. Küreselle?meyle birlikte,  ekonomik geli?melerde ya?anan belirsizlik ve karma??kl?k, toplumlar?n ve bireylerin sosyo- ekonomik yap?lar?n? de?i?tirmi?tir. Toplumlar?n sosyo ekonomik yap?lar? bireylerin finansal kararlar?yla ?ekillenmektedir. Bireylerin alm?? oldu?u finansal kararlar?n do?rulu?u, bireylerin finansal okuryazarl?k düzeyi ile ilgilidir. Karma??k ve belirsiz ko?ullar içindeki ekonomide toplumun en küçük yap?s? olan ailelerin ald??? finansal kararlar sadece aileyi de?il tüm toplumu etkilemektedir. Ailelerin de?i?imin h?zl? ve sürekli oldu?u ekonomik hayatta ald??? yanl?? finansal kararlar nedeniyle birlik ve düzeni bozulmaktad?r. Bunun için demografik özelli?i farkl? her bireyin sahip oldu?u finansal okuryazarl?k düzeyini yükseltecek finansal e?itim uygulamalar?n?n önemi yüksektir. Birçok ara?t?rmada, ya?l? ve e?itim düzeyi dü?ük bireylerin daha çok finansal risk içinde oldu?u vurgulanmaktad?r. Bu çal??mada, Türk Silahl? Kuvvetlerinde görev yapm?? emekli askeri personelin finansal okuryazarl?k seviyesi incelenmi?tir. Ülkenin savunma hizmetlerinde çal??an Türk Silahl? Kuvvetleri personeli, görev sahas? itibariyle finansal sistemlerde ya?anan geli?melere uzak kalabilmektedir. Bu durum, bilgiye dayal? finansal kararlar alma becerisinin önemini art?rmaktad?r. Çal??ma sonucunda, emekli askeri personelin finansal okuryazarl?k seviyesi ve finansal bilgileri tespit edilmi?tir. Bu tespitler do?rultusunda aktif olarak görev yapan askeri personelin gelece?e dönük finansal fark?ndal???n? artt?rmak amaçlanm??t?r.

The aim of this study is to reveal causes and grounds which drive family businesses into internationalization process and divulge implemented strategies benefiting from the literature through a case study. In this context, “Saruhan Cooperation” which is a globally operating Turkish family business has been examined as a case study by means of primary and secondary resources. In the case study, besides presenting the current situation of Saruhan Coop., the reasons triggered internationalization process, works done for this purpose, goals of the firm, and implemented strategies in this milieu and circumstances have been tried to be defined by using a series of structured face-to-face interviews. Moreover, our findings display a process that a locally operating family business ends up in a situation to buy a firm which operates internationally under a global brand. Although it is conducted with one business; the study is important as being a pioneer analysis and contributes to the literature well; also, it is valuable because it provides a model for those who are planning to operate internationally. The research opens a door to further researches as well.

The precondition of the increase in the efficiency of the banks depends on their ability to compete. Through the banking sector with high competitive power, economic dynamism is promoted, and economic stability is ensured. The alteration in macroeconomic conditions affects the performance of the banking sector and financial stability. This study was used the malmquist productivity index  to analyze the efficiency of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey during the period of 1990 - 2012  for intermediation and profit approach. Banks have experienced productivity loss according to both approaches in times of crisis. The efficiency of  intermediation function in the banking sector have increased owing to the regulations made ??under the restructuring program of the Turkish banking sector and the disinflation process. The regression analysis results reveals that the impact of credit / deposit ratio, ROA, ROE and inflation rate is positive on bank’s total factor productivity. As ROE increases, banks' total factor productivity has decreased under the intermediation approach. Increase in GDP has led to increase in bank’s technical efficiency for intermediation and profit approach.

Küreselle?me ve teknolojik geli?meler sonucunda i?letme faaliyetlerinin çe?itlenmesi ve karma??k bir yap?ya dönü?mesi hile ve yolsuzluklar?n ara?t?r?lmas? ve ortaya ç?kar?lmas?nda yarg? mensuplar? veya suç bilimi ara?t?rmac?lar?n?n yetersiz kalmas?na yol açm??t?r. Özellikle 21. yüzy?lda ya?anan ?irket ve denetim skandallar?, finansal raporlamaya olan?n güvenin sars?lmas?na, muhasebe ve denetim i?levlerinin yeniden gözden geçirilmesine bu da i?letmelerde yeni bir uzmanl?k alan? olan adli muhasebecilik mesle?inin ortaya ç?kmas?na neden olmu?tur. Adli muhasebeciler, hukuki süreçle muhasebe süreci aras?nda köprü görevi yürüterek, hata ve hilelerin tespit edilmesi ve sonras?nda davalara destek olma aç?s?ndan önemli bir role sahiptirler.Bu çal??man?n amac? adli muhasebe ve adli muhasebecilik kavramlar?n? aç?klad?ktan sonra, adli muhasebe mesle?inin mevcut durumu ve gelece?ine yönelik bilgi vermektir.

The purpose of this study is to explore the importance and ranking of technical analysis variables in Turkish banking sector. Random Forest method is used for determining importance scores of inputs for eight banks in Borsa Istanbul. Then two predictive models utilizing Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are built for predicting BIST-100 index and bank closing prices. Results of the models are compared by three metrics namely Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Median Absolute Error (MedAE). Findings show that moving average (MAV-100) is the most important variable for both BIST -100 index and bank closing prices. Therefore, investors should follow this technical indicator with respect to Turkish banks. In addition ANN shows better performance for all metrics.

The aim of this research is to understand the factors behind smartphone purchase decisions of consumers. Nowadays companies make use of various strategies in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and differentiate their products from those of their competitors. Perhaps, the most important and effective strategy to influence consumer behavior in the product selection is emphasizing the “brand name” of the products. Our aim in this paper is to investigate how smartphone brands can influence consumers’ buying decisions. Brand equity is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand name and symbol, which add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service. It enhances the customer’s ability to interpret and process information, improves confidence in the purchase decision and affects the quality of the user experience. Using this construct widely discussed in the literature, we use and build our hypothesis based on Aaker model about the brand equity, including perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. The study involved a questionnaire administered to 171 smartphone consumers between December 2015 and March 2016. The consumers were chosen by convenience sampling among the students from a prestigious university in the Istanbul district of Turkey. Our findings indicate that a majority of the smartphone buyers’ decisions are mainly influenced by brand loyalty and brand awareness. Perceived quality and brand association do not seem to influence purchase decisions for the sample of this study.

By drawing on Ukrainian experience, this paper analyzes the anatomy of bank efficiency in a transitional economy. Acknowledging the vast disparities in the business technology of different size banks, in this comprehensive study, we innovatively estimate group-specific (distinct) frontiers for small, medium, and large size banks. The results from separate frontiers reveal that Ukrainian banks record 38% technical inefficiency, 26% pure technical inefficiency, and 17% scale inefficiency on average. Apparently, banks in transition waste about the two fifths of their factor inputs during the production of financial services. The cardinal source of sub-performance in transitional banks seems to be managerial inefficiencies. We also found that banks operating in areas with more political influence and more developed infrastructure outperform the banks operating in politically and economically weaker regions. The results also indicate that larger banks, enjoying public trust in a risky business climate, dominate smaller banks in all forms of efficiency. However, such bias for size causes large banks to suffer from decreasing returns to scale and small banks from idle capacity. Consequently, the policies promoting consolidation between small and large banks may alleviate the excess (idle) capacity for large (small) banks in a transitional economy.

In this study, the option pricing performance of the adjusted Black-Scholes model proposed by Corrado and Su (1996) and corrected by Brown and Robinson (2002), is investigated and compared with original Black Scholes pricing model for the Turkish derivatives market. The data consist of the European options written on BIST 30 index extends from January 02, 2015 to April 24, 2015 for given exercise prices with maturity April 30, 2015. In this period, the strike prices are ranging from 86 to 124. To compare the models, the implied parameters are derived by minimizing the sum of squared deviations between the observed and theoretical option prices. The implied distribution of BIST 30 index does not significantly deviate from normal distribution. In addition, pricing performance of Black Scholes model performs better in most of the time. Black Scholes pricing Formula, Carrado-Su pricing Formula, Implied Parameters

Both in Turkey and in the world in 1980 was a year of major structural transformations. Globalization has been accelerated in this time and countries have implemented some liberal policies for opening borders to foreign capital. Economies began to be led by export-oriented industrialization and liberalization policies after 1980 and these policies continue since then. Turkey is one of these countries that began liberalization after 1980. While decreasing trade barriers exerts a downward pressure on prices trade liberalization represents a structural break. This study aims to examine the relationship between trade openness and inflation over the period 1980-2011 for Turkey by using OLS method. The proportion of foreign trade volume (exports plus imports) to GDP and real exchange rates are used as measures of trade openness besides inflation rate. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there was a negative correlation between trade openness and inflation rate for the dedicated years in Turkey. The effects of crisis and election years in Turkey have been also tested and found statistically insignificant.

The importance given by the governments to building a sound intellectual property infrastructure is increasing in developing countries and especially in Central Asian countries. This infrastructure is continuously improved to live up to a common standard in collaboration with government agencies, educational institutions and international agencies. In this paper, the infrastructure developments that took place in the Central Asian countries is going to be elaborated and furthermore some statistical analyses will be used in order to compare the differences and similarities between the Central Asian republics within themselves and the rest of the world. Patent based statistical data reveal a broad range of information concerning the innovative capability of countries, regions and firms. The number of patents that a country obtains in different technological fields and the change in this number over the years may provide useful information regarding the growth potential of the country and the ability to follow technological advances. For this purpose, patent statistics collected by institutions like World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have been analyzed using statistical techniques. In addition to basic statistics, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) has been applied to the data sets.

Social scientists have been intrigued by the relationship between generations based on different characteristics. Economists, has been especially interested in measuring intergenerational income elasticity, which looks at the relationship of parents and that of their children when they become adults and gives clue on trends of income inequality. Most of the literature concentrates on the experiences of developed countries and measurement issues. Nevertheless, new studies concerning intergenerational income elasticity is being undertaken in developing countries as the data become increasingly available for these countries. In this vein, there is only one previous study that investigates intergenerational income elasticity for Turkey. Mercan (2012) finds that intergenerational income elasticity is around 0.1 in Turkey, which depicts Turkey as a highly mobile country meaning that children of poor parents have a higher likelihood to have a better income status. However, his study does not depend on a longitudinal dataset, which might make Mercan’s (2012) estimate biased. Following Solon (1992) in using OLS for lower bound and instrumental variable (IV) for upper bound, this study puts forth a new estimate, which relies on a nationally representative and longitudinal dataset for Turkey. The study's estimate for intergenerational income elasticity varies between 0.3 and 0.6, which is much higher than the result of Mercan (2012), indicating that Turkey is a less mobile country than previously foreseen.