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This study investigates the effectiveness of Presidential Directives in comparison to the traditional policy process in Botswana. More precisely, the study determines whether the use of Presidential Directives is a more efficient and effective means of achieving policy outputs, as compared to the traditional policy process. To achieve this, the study conducted a comprehensive analysis of policies and Presidential Directives in Botswana, examining the processes through which they were formulated, implemented, and evaluated. The methodological approach adopted includes an intrepretivist research paradigm as well as a qualitative research approach for both data collection and analysis. Results reveals that Presidential directives achieve outputs faster and more effectively than the traditional policy process, Presidential Directives may have some advantages in terms of speed and flexibility, but they are not necessarily more effective than the traditional policy process in achieving their planned outcomes, policy process, which involves stakeholder consultation, evidence-based decision-making and comprehensive analysis of the policy context, is a more reliable and effective means of policy-making in the long term. However, the study also found that there are some areas where Presidential Directives may be more appropriate, such as in emergency situations or when quick decisions are required. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of different approaches to policy-making in Botswana, and its findings have important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in the field of public policy. The study recommends transparency and accountability; stakeholder engagement; evidence-based policy-making and comprehensive policy evaluation.

The financial performance of banks relies heavily on properly utilizing their capital. However, bank ownership can have varying effects on the relationship between financial performance and capital. This study delves into this relationship by examining the impact of ownership on financial performance and bank capital. The study analyzes data from 44 commercial banks in Bangladesh and uses a two-step system generalized method of moments to address heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation issues. Unlike previous studies, this study confirms the significant effect of ownership on the relationship between bank financial performance and bank capital. The study's main findings are: (1) an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between bank capital and financial performance, implying that increasing capital can improve and reduce financial performance. (2) Private and Islamic commercial banks perform better than state-owned and conventional banks. (3) private-owned and Islamic commercial banks with higher capital are more likely to achieve higher profitability and financial success, while state-owned and conventional commercial banks with higher capital show lower profitability and weaker financial performance. Overall, this study offers significant practical implications for academics, researchers, and regulators interested in leveraging these findings.

The specific goal of this study is to find out how retail investors consider company ESG issues while making investment decisions, with their moral awareness (MA) serving as a moderator. The framework's foundations are the norm activation model (NAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The report is based on a questionnaire survey that was completed by 599 retail investors in Dhaka and Chattagram, Bangladesh. To examine the data and verify the theories, the PLS path modeling approach is employed. Six hypotheses are investigated using structural equation modeling; five are found to be significant and one to be non-significant. All of the hypotheses are positive. The findings of the research demonstrate that when making investment decisions, investors take a company's social, environmental, and governance issues into account. The moral awareness of investors seems to influence their investment decisions as well. By presenting empirical data on the relationship between business ESG issues and investment decisions with moderating impacts on investors' moral awareness, the paper advances the field of behavioral finance research. It implies that corporate advertising tactics may support global reporting requirements, draw impact investors, and promote moral and environmental education. To safeguard ESG concerns and promote sustainable growth of the capital market and economy, governments should enact laws, rules, and directives.

The relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) and environmental performance (EP) has received little attention in the past, despite the hotel management discipline's mediation analysis being one of the areas examined.  To fill this research gap, the study expands upon the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) and social identity theory (SIT). It also goes beyond what has already been written by examining the relationship between environmental performance and green human resource management by examining the roles of Employee Green Commitment (EGC) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards the Environment (OCBE). According to a survey conducted on 273 hotel employees, it has been found that GHRM plays a positive and significant role in promoting Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards the Environment (OCBE), Employee Green Commitment (EGC), and environmental performance (EP) of hotels. Additionally, implementing green human resource management can have a considerable and favorable influence on both environmental performance and employees' commitment to eco-friendliness. It was observed that organizational citizenship behavior toward the environment and employee green commitment play a significant role in mediating the relationship between Green human resource management and hotel environmental performance. The data from the survey were analyzed using Smart-PLS 4 which involved conducting validity and reliability tests on the instruments and testing the hypothesized relationships using SEM analysis. Based on this report, it is recommended that HR managers and hotel top management develop green HRM policies to promote sustainability in the hospitality industry.

While studying the adoption of mobile banking, its antecedents must be considered to have a better understanding and complete picture of the factors affecting the adoption of mobile banking. There is a scarcity of studies about the effect of the (Rogers, 1995, 2003) five attributes of innovation on the adoption of mobile banking. So, this paper examined the effect of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability on the adoption of mobile banking in Egypt. The study hypotheses were tested using primary data collected online. The results show that relative advantage, compatibility, and observability have a significant positive impact on the adoption of mobile banking. On the other hand, the effect of complexity and trialability on the adoption of mobile banking was negative but nonsignificant.

Technological advancements in automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics have completely changed the service industries, including the hospitality sector. This study aims to investigate the fundamental elements that impact the acceptance (or rejection) of artificial intelligence assistants' services. This research employed semi-structured interviews to gather insights from both individuals who use AI services in hotels and those who do not. Based on Behavioral Reasoning Theory, this study is empirically tested by interviews with intended respondents. This study examines the "reasons for" and "reasons against" using AI assistant services in the hotel. Technology anxiety, privacy concern, prior experience, and task complexity are "reasons against," while performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, humanness, social presence, perceived interaction enjoyment, cuteness, and trust are "reasons for." This study found that "reasons against" negatively affect attitude and adoption intention, while "reasons for" positively affect them. Behavioral Reasoning Theory is used for the first time to evaluate Bangladeshi hotel consumers' AI service assistant adoption intentions. As a new technology, AI assistants provide a better understanding of user usage. Furthermore, this study offers essential facts regarding the utilization of technology in the hospitality sector.

This study investigates the relationship between board nationality diversity (BND) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in developing countries. It also highlights the role of legitimacy concerns in investigating how foreign ownership moderates the connection between BND and ESG due to the increased liability of foreignness. Using a sample of listed firms in Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE) in South Africa over 2015–2020, our two-step system GMM findings show that board nationality diversity positively affects ESG. Moreover, our study found that foreign ownership strengthens the positive connection between BND and ESG. Our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of legitimacy theory in the dynamic nexus between BND and ESG. The findings of this study have substantial implications for firms, investors, and stakeholders.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of human resource management practices (HRMPs) on employee attitudes and behavior (EAB). The population of this study was all employees of cement manufacturing firms (CMC) in the southern region of Bangladesh. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires following convenient sampling technique. The data was analyzed using SPSS-23 statistical package program. A robust and significant linear association between HRMPs and EAB was found. Further, HRM practices, including compensation & rewards (CR) and motivation (MV) were discovered to be dominant predictors of EAB. According to the study, variations in EAB of 77.10% were caused by independent predictors such as recruitment and selection (RS), training and development (TD), performance appraisals (PA), compensation and rewards (CR), motivation (MV), and maintenance (MT) in CMC in the southern part of Bangladesh. Nevertheless, it is apparent from the study's findings that manufacturing organizations that have implemented progressive HRM practices in a systematic and integrated manner are having an enormous influence on EAB. This study only focused on one industry and one type of organizational structure. According to the study, findings should not be extensively generalized. Future research should incorporate other aspects, such as organizational learning and organizational capacity, to construct a new model of HRM practices.

Whether investors take into account a company's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues when making investment decisions (ID), how they interpret corporate reputation (CR) as a result of ESG issues, and whether CR mediates the relationship between ESG issues and ID are the goals of this study. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the signaling theory are the bases of the framework. The study was based on a questionnaire survey that received 599 responses from active retail investors in two Bangladeshi cities, Dhaka and Chattagram. The PLS path modeling method was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. The empirical findings reveal that corporate ESG issues considerably impact ID and that CR mediates this relationship. This study contributes to behavioral finance by offering empirical proof of the relationship between company ESG issues and investment decisions. By examining the indirect effects of ESG issues on ID via CR, this study contributes to the body of knowledge. It is therefore advised that strategic managers be required to use ESG practices as it builds reputation. At the same time, the government should create public policies, orders, and rules for upholding the ESG issues that contribute to the sustainable development of the capital market and the economy.

This study aims to increase knowledge and understanding of Government-to-Business (G2B) Services in Myanmar and will also discover the critical challenges for G2B e-Service provision in Myanmar. The government officials from the agencies providing G2B services are surveyed to explore the current status of G2B services in Myanmar. Questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, with the respondents identifying themselves as they currently work at government agencies. The study revealed that among the total 30 Ministries, it is 24 % of public services are available online. The current study found that ICT infrastructure barriers, legal and policy issues, and financial barriers are significant challenges that delay the progress of G2B e-Service implementation in Myanmar. The ICT infrastructure, particularly regarding data center, are still considered inadequate, and financial and technical assistance is in demand for implementing the G2B e-Service. Social and cultural barriers are the fewer obstacles found in the analysis, with an overall rate of 87.3% positive opinion on the digital transformation of G2B services. This study will support several contributions to implementing e-Government services in Myanmar and provide awareness about G2B e-Service in Myanmar.