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Countries’ policy changes on improvement of female representation in board is in the spotlight of many researchers. In this paper studies current literature in board diversity, not specifically in gender but also ethnic, educational and cultural diversities, has been examined through their methodologies and findings. This study provides a summary of empirical findings of necessary papers in this field and try to assist researchers who are interested in this issue during their preliminary research.

The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationship between energy prices, which are among the most important inputs of the economy, and selected stock market indices of developed countries. Crude oil and natural gas are used as energy variables. G7 countries were selected to represent developed countries. Stock indices used in the study are Dow & Jones (USA), DAX (Germany), CAC40 (France), FTSE250 (England), FTSE Italia All Share (Italy), NIKKEI225 (Japan), and S&P/TSX (Canada). In the study, Johansen (1988) cointegration test and Granger (1969) causality test were used to analyse the causality relationship between energy prices and selected stock market indices. The research could not find a long-term balance relationship between energy prices and developed country indices. Also, while the causality relationship was determined between crude oil prices and NIKKEI225, DAX, and CAC40 indices, a causal relationship between natural gas prices and Dow & Jones and FTSE250 indices was determined. In the study, it was found that energy prices can be used for diversification in investments to be made with stock market indices of developed countries. This study is one of the most comprehensive studies in the literature that examines the relationship between energy prices and the stock market indices of G7 countries. It is expected to contribute to the literature in this way.

When we hear the word diversity, usually the first word that comes to mind is difference, and diversity steams from difference, in this paper, board diversity is discussed, in addition to linking it to firm performance, diversity is important, and it’s especially important in the board room of a given firm because it allows for different perspectives and opinions which can impact the decision-making process in the firm, which ultimately can affect the performance of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to give a relational guide on how board diversity can greatly impact the achievements of a firm. This paper is a theory-based study and aims to develop a critical approach of defining board diversity and linking that to the performance of the firm. This paper is a theory-based study because it utilizes the existing literature in order to determine the impact of board diversity on firm performance. This study also uses different theories and existing literature to highlight the relevance of having a diverse board in the firm. To find the relation, various studies and existing literature were analyzed to develop a critical approach to relate board diversity to firm performance. In conclusion, this paper outlines different aspects of board diversity while providing a critical look that allows us to assess the importance of board diversity and its connection to firm performance.

Air cargo transportation in international trade stands out with its speed, reliability, safety, interaction with other transportation types, intensive use of information technologies, and global standards. During the Covid-19 pandemic, various negativities have emerged in air cargo transportation, as in many sectors. In this study, the difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in air cargo transportation business processes are evaluated within the scope of the ISO9001 Quality Management System standard so that they do not adversely affect the service quality. In this context, a case study was conducted on the implementation of the ISO 9001 Quality Management System standard in dealing with the difficulties arising from the pandemic in the cargo operations of an air transportation company. As a result of the implementation, the cargo ecosystem has been expanded, the carrying capacity has been increased, and the storage and cargo transportation efficiency has been increased by making use of information and communication technologies. Thus, it was easier to overcome the difficulties arising from the pandemic in the business processes of the company, and it was seen that sustainability in line with commercial expectations was ensured by rising to fifth place in world air cargo transportation in 2020.

This paper aims to develop a critical approach to flight safety by assessing theoretical and empirical studies on fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew. This paper also builds a fundamental basis for managing fatigue risk factors in the aviation industry. The main contribution of the paper demonstrates the fact that primary and secondary fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew affect the level of job satisfaction, operational efficiency, and flight security.

This study aims to develop a theoretical approach to define the culture of peace and its dimensions in the workplace based on De-Rivera’s peace culture dimensions at the international level. This study offers an organizational model in the workplace and it needs empirical tests in further studies. This paper is an attempt to develop a theoretical framework for peace culture in the workplace. Peace culture will be analyzed in four underlying dimensions: liberal development, violent inequality, state use of violent means, and nurturance. This study transfers De Rivera’s peace culture dimensions into the organizational level, and it is assumed that peace culture in the workplace could be a remedy for a harmonious and peaceful workplace. Peace culture in the workplace is also expected to be a beneficial factor to employees’ behavior, job performances, and organizational commitment as well as work outcomes. In a conclusion, it is expected that this study fills the gap in the literature and will have a leading role for further studies

Cryptocurrencies are attracting considerable attention around the world because of the various advantages that they offer. On the other hand, they also carry some inherent risks. Although monetary authorities broadly agree that cryptocurrencies do not engender an immediate threat to national and global financial systems, the future is full of unknowns. In this regard, drawing a framework based on the current drivers of demand for cryptocurrencies would help visualize the prospects for these assets and create a roadmap to avoid or manage any disruptive risks. This discussion paper aims to contribute to the literature by examining the key factors that will determine the future performance of cryptocurrencies. The main conclusion derived from the discussion is that national regulations will potentially affect the direction of cryptocurrencies, as well as the need for any special efforts in the domain of monetary policy

Air cargo transport is a growing industry in parallel with the growth in world trade and e-commerce. The global air cargo transport traffic getting busier, the importance of timely loading with minimum error is increasing. Therefore, digitalization of the air cargo loading process is needed. Assignment of Unit Load Devices (ULDs) to the specific positions on the freighter is performed by loadmasters by manual or semi-manual methods. This study aims to design a simulation model, which performs the ULD assignment automatically by simulating the loading process performed by the experienced loadmasters under the weight and balance constraints. The SEMMA (sample, explore, modify, model, assess) model is used while generating the simulation model. Fifty real-world loading orders were used to assess the performance of the model. The ULD assignment process by the simulation model and the loadmasters using semi-manual loading were compared with regard to time and center of gravity performance indicators. The results demonstrated that the simulation model can load all the given sets of ULDs, as efficiently as a loadmaster with a similar center of gravity in a shorter period of time. In conclusion, the proposed simulation model provides an efficient solution to the ULD assignment problem. However, the base model generated may be improved to address various real-world scenarios

Fatigue as an emerging flight safety issue in the aviation industry requires an elaborate understanding and critical approach for proactive aviation management practices. The level of flight crew stress and fatigue must be critically managed to prevent flight accidents. Additionally, stress and fatigue have a negative influence on job satisfaction levels. This paper aims to examine the critical fatigue risk factors that affect the performance and safety of airline pilots and crew in the aviation industry. This paper also analyses the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction sub-dimensions. A factor analysis with a target population of 254 international flight crew has been conducted using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Survey and Maslach Burnout questionnaire. The main findings of the study demonstrate that (i) cockpit and cabin crews’ job satisfaction and performance have been affected by stress and fatigue, (ii) psychological depression, anxiety and personal problems of the flight crew are the main causes of emotional fatigue, (iii) extensive flight hours and dealing with problematic passengers increase flight crew fatigue, (iv) personal achievements concerns and depersonalization increase flight crew fatigue.