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This study investigates how insiders and outsiders affect the earnings management of CEOs by conducting a comparative analysis of insiders, trust banks, outsiders, and global investors. Interestingly, the holding shares of insiders and outsiders have opposite effects on CEOs’ opportunistic accounting behaviours.

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of real earnings manipulation (REM) on the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia. This research was conducted at a state-owned company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017. Data obtained from financial reports and annual reports issued by IDX and the Web of each SOEs. Data also comes from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory. The research variables consist of a dependent variable, which is financial performance, and an independent variable that is REM. Financial performance is proxy by net profit margin (NPM) and returns on equity (ROE). Earnings manipulation is proxy by Roychowdhury's model. The type of ownership is used as a control variable of this research. Generally, the least square regression model is used to test the relationship between earnings manipulation and SOEs performance. This research shows that earnings manipulation based on real activities through production costs negatively affects the performance of Indonesian SOEs, government ownership negatively effects on NPM whereas public ownership has a positive effect on performance, as measured by ROE. Improper government policies can reduce the performance and significant disadvantages of SOEs.

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) will discuss whether or not accounting rules for M&A change, and it plans to draw a conclusion in 2021. In view of this fact, it is considered that a series of large M&A have significant effects on corporate earnings worldwide. This paper examines whether the amortization and/or non-amortization of goodwill affect companies’ earnings and future cash flow, an analysis for which there are two reasons. First, IFRS initiates the debate on the premise of goodwill amortization. If goodwill is amortized, it will have a profound impact on corporate profits and cash flow. Second, M&A has recently increased in Japan due to the increase in retained earnings and because IFRS has not requested goodwill amortization. The conclusion is as follows: First, it has become clear that legally retained earnings accelerate M&A because they affect the future goodwill along with both accounting standards. Next, the results revealed that the amortization of goodwill corresponds with the future ROA in conformity with Japanese accounting standards. On the other hand, this study did not determine that goodwill affects ROA in IFRS companies. Particularly, IFRS firms invested greater amounts of money than did Japanese accounting firms. Therefore, IFRS firms' goodwill might not be effective applied to M&A within four years.

The objective of this research id to assess the effect of Quality Control System elements. i.e. relevant ethical terms and independency, on audit quality and to identify the moderating role of professional skepticism on the effect of quality control system on audit quality. The population of this research auditor working in Indonesian Big Ten public accounting firms, from which 252 auditors were selected as the sample. Using PLS-based SEM in SmartPLS, this study finds that relevant ethical terms and independency affect audit quality and that professional skepticism moderates the effect of independence on audit quality, but it does not moderate the effect of relevant ethical terms on audit quality.

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ghanaian listed banks using COSO’s IC framework. Only Control environment, Risk assessment, and Monitoring activities components of the framework considered for this study. Methodologically, out of the 60 questionnaires, surveys distributed to the banks 37 copies received representing a 61.7% response rate. Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v25 used to analyze data by running among other reliability tests, tests of normality, and descriptive statistics. The results of means and standard deviations gained ascertained that; strong controls existed in the control environment, risk assessment, and monitoring activities of internal control of the Ghanaian listed banks. A risk assessment had a low average mean compared to the control environment and monitoring activities. Because banks operate under higher risk than any other financial institution, we propose that Ghanaian listed banks should increase investment in risk assessment.

AS5[v.Dec:2017] issued by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board [PCAOB] requires the use of Analytical Procedures [AP] at the Planning and Substantive Phases of Assurance Audits for firms traded on active exchanges. We argue that one aspect of AP, relative to risk-setting, should be vetting the information that is produced/published by the audit client pertaining to Regulation G [v.SEC:2003] called: Non-GAAP information. In our research, we intend to leverage the longstanding Reg[G] requirements to extend the Non-GAAP information to firm performance profiles reported for the Environment, Social, and Governance[ESG]Platform on BloombergÒ. There are two research foci: (1) Offer an AP-Model that uses GAAP & ESG variables to contribute audit evidence useful in making the decision to launch an AP-Extended Procedures examination of the firm’s Enterprise Resource Planning & Control [ERP&C] protocols, and (2) Profile a random accrual-set of firms indexed on Bloomberg so as to offer population parameter estimates for refining the AP-Model. The AP-Model is based upon correlational associations for the ESG- & GAAP-variables from the: Income, Balance Sheet & Cash Flow Statements. If there seems to be a disconnect between the nature of these associations for the ESG-variables and those of the GAAP-variables, the auditor may use this as audit evidence in making the decision to conduct an Extended Procedures Examination of the firm’s [ERP&C] protocols. As for the other focus, we found that for the accrual of firms tested there is no inferential evidence that the ERP&C-protocols are consistent drivers for both the ESG- and the GAAP variable sets.

This study aims to examine the impact of some bank characteristics (age, size, profitability and leverage) on the extent of voluntary disclosure in annual reports of listed banks in Borsa Istanbul. All (13) listed banks represent the sample of the study. The study adopted the deductive approach by developing hypotheses based on the relevant theories and results of prior studies. The study also applied the panel data strategy to analyze the collected data from annual reports across five years (2013-2017). The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between each bank characteristic (age, size, profitability and leverage) and the level of voluntary disclosure. The results also show that profitability has a big impact on the level of voluntary disclosure followed by leverage, whereas, age and size have a small effect.

Current study review extant empirical researches on the relationship between CG and EQ. However, the scope of the reviewed studies was shown to vary, most studies on CG and EQ are specific in focus, with different studies focusing on specific aspects or measures of CG. This study evaluates the role of emerging policies and the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms on earning quality within a conceptual framework for the Gulf cooperation council. This study concludes that the majority of companies with big board size, higher board independence, and more frequent meetings have improved EQ. Also, the result indicates companies with big audit committee size, a larger number of independent directors, more audit committee meetings and more experts tend to have an increase in EQ. Finally, this review emerged as a framework suitable for assessing the level of EQ disclosed and the relationship between CG and EQ base on GCC policies.

This study aims to examine the effect of the audit committee and internal audit on the audit report lag and examine the relationship between the audit committee and the internal audit moderated by the size of a public accounting firm. This study uses 220 samples of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on purposive sampling. The analytical method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results show that the audit committee influences the audit report lag while the internal audit has no effect. The size of a public accounting firm successfully moderated the relationship between the audit committee and audit report lag, but failed to moderate the relationship between the internal audit and audit report lag