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As being a psychosocial creature, the human composing the organization has series of behavioral talents like feeling, idea, desire, ambition, hope and fear. Humans, besides their technical abilities, bring their hopes and concerns, their life philosophy, all exclusive behaviors with them to organizations where they belive they realize their porsonel hopes and desires and establish cooperation. As aresult, established organization has social, human structural property including different personal ideas and behaviors. It was understood that, humans in the organization do not always behave according to rules, which were set by management, and the economical human logic. Human behave in accordance with their emotions and feeling. Because organizations can not satisfy all needs of humans by assigning formal tasks and physical facilities. As a result of these complex reasons generally the members of the organizations, which are established to perform certain official tasks, establish unofficial organizations by developing relations among themselves in order to satisfy their personal needs and feelings. In this study, accepting the value and importance of the official organization, it is desired to tell that unofficial organization is real and important at least the official organization. Becouse at the same time organizations are feelings system, it is beneficial to determine the role of the human in the organization and to regulate the organizationto this fact.

In this study, we aimed to explain the influencing factors of interest rate risk in Turkish banking sector. Within this scope, 20 deposit banks in Turkey were evaluated. Furthermore, annual data for the periods between 2006 and 2015 was analyzed by using panel logit method. According to the results of this analysis, it was identified that 2 explanatory variables affect interest rate risk of Turkish banks. First of all, it was determined that banks, which have higher amount of deposits, are exposed to higher amount of interest rate risk. In addition to this situation, it was also defined that there is a negative relationship between the amount of capital and interest rate risk. As a result of this issue, it was recommended that Turkish banks should increase capital amount in order to manage interest rate risk more effectively.

This research aims to analyze the effect of brand trust and brand loyalty to consumer purchase intentions in the Smartphone market. All the residents of ?stanbul who use mobile phones are the population of the research.  Due to the fact that it is very hard to reach all the population, simple sampling method has been used for data collection and 185 participants have been reached. Structural Equation Model has been used to explain the relationship among brand trust, brand loyalty and purchase intentions. SPSS for Windows 17.0 program and AMOS 20 program are used to analyze the data. Results show that both brand trust and brand loyalty have a positive effect on consumer’s purchase intentions. Also it had been determined that brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty. Moreover, brand trust has been found as the most effective factor for smartphones brands in the purchase intensions.

The aim of this study is to reveal causes and grounds which drive family businesses into internationalization process and divulge implemented strategies benefiting from the literature through a case study. In this context, “Saruhan Cooperation” which is a globally operating Turkish family business has been examined as a case study by means of primary and secondary resources. In the case study, besides presenting the current situation of Saruhan Coop., the reasons triggered internationalization process, works done for this purpose, goals of the firm, and implemented strategies in this milieu and circumstances have been tried to be defined by using a series of structured face-to-face interviews. Moreover, our findings display a process that a locally operating family business ends up in a situation to buy a firm which operates internationally under a global brand. Although it is conducted with one business; the study is important as being a pioneer analysis and contributes to the literature well; also, it is valuable because it provides a model for those who are planning to operate internationally. The research opens a door to further researches as well.

The precondition of the increase in the efficiency of the banks depends on their ability to compete. Through the banking sector with high competitive power, economic dynamism is promoted, and economic stability is ensured. The alteration in macroeconomic conditions affects the performance of the banking sector and financial stability. This study was used the malmquist productivity index  to analyze the efficiency of 19 commercial banks operating in Turkey during the period of 1990 - 2012  for intermediation and profit approach. Banks have experienced productivity loss according to both approaches in times of crisis. The efficiency of  intermediation function in the banking sector have increased owing to the regulations made ??under the restructuring program of the Turkish banking sector and the disinflation process. The regression analysis results reveals that the impact of credit / deposit ratio, ROA, ROE and inflation rate is positive on bank’s total factor productivity. As ROE increases, banks' total factor productivity has decreased under the intermediation approach. Increase in GDP has led to increase in bank’s technical efficiency for intermediation and profit approach.

The aim of this research is to understand the factors behind smartphone purchase decisions of consumers. Nowadays companies make use of various strategies in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and differentiate their products from those of their competitors. Perhaps, the most important and effective strategy to influence consumer behavior in the product selection is emphasizing the “brand name” of the products. Our aim in this paper is to investigate how smartphone brands can influence consumers’ buying decisions. Brand equity is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand name and symbol, which add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service. It enhances the customer’s ability to interpret and process information, improves confidence in the purchase decision and affects the quality of the user experience. Using this construct widely discussed in the literature, we use and build our hypothesis based on Aaker model about the brand equity, including perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. The study involved a questionnaire administered to 171 smartphone consumers between December 2015 and March 2016. The consumers were chosen by convenience sampling among the students from a prestigious university in the Istanbul district of Turkey. Our findings indicate that a majority of the smartphone buyers’ decisions are mainly influenced by brand loyalty and brand awareness. Perceived quality and brand association do not seem to influence purchase decisions for the sample of this study.

Both in Turkey and in the world in 1980 was a year of major structural transformations. Globalization has been accelerated in this time and countries have implemented some liberal policies for opening borders to foreign capital. Economies began to be led by export-oriented industrialization and liberalization policies after 1980 and these policies continue since then. Turkey is one of these countries that began liberalization after 1980. While decreasing trade barriers exerts a downward pressure on prices trade liberalization represents a structural break. This study aims to examine the relationship between trade openness and inflation over the period 1980-2011 for Turkey by using OLS method. The proportion of foreign trade volume (exports plus imports) to GDP and real exchange rates are used as measures of trade openness besides inflation rate. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there was a negative correlation between trade openness and inflation rate for the dedicated years in Turkey. The effects of crisis and election years in Turkey have been also tested and found statistically insignificant.

The importance given by the governments to building a sound intellectual property infrastructure is increasing in developing countries and especially in Central Asian countries. This infrastructure is continuously improved to live up to a common standard in collaboration with government agencies, educational institutions and international agencies. In this paper, the infrastructure developments that took place in the Central Asian countries is going to be elaborated and furthermore some statistical analyses will be used in order to compare the differences and similarities between the Central Asian republics within themselves and the rest of the world. Patent based statistical data reveal a broad range of information concerning the innovative capability of countries, regions and firms. The number of patents that a country obtains in different technological fields and the change in this number over the years may provide useful information regarding the growth potential of the country and the ability to follow technological advances. For this purpose, patent statistics collected by institutions like World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) have been analyzed using statistical techniques. In addition to basic statistics, multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) has been applied to the data sets.

Social scientists have been intrigued by the relationship between generations based on different characteristics. Economists, has been especially interested in measuring intergenerational income elasticity, which looks at the relationship of parents and that of their children when they become adults and gives clue on trends of income inequality. Most of the literature concentrates on the experiences of developed countries and measurement issues. Nevertheless, new studies concerning intergenerational income elasticity is being undertaken in developing countries as the data become increasingly available for these countries. In this vein, there is only one previous study that investigates intergenerational income elasticity for Turkey. Mercan (2012) finds that intergenerational income elasticity is around 0.1 in Turkey, which depicts Turkey as a highly mobile country meaning that children of poor parents have a higher likelihood to have a better income status. However, his study does not depend on a longitudinal dataset, which might make Mercan’s (2012) estimate biased. Following Solon (1992) in using OLS for lower bound and instrumental variable (IV) for upper bound, this study puts forth a new estimate, which relies on a nationally representative and longitudinal dataset for Turkey. The study's estimate for intergenerational income elasticity varies between 0.3 and 0.6, which is much higher than the result of Mercan (2012), indicating that Turkey is a less mobile country than previously foreseen.

This paper analyzes the total factor productivity developments in the Middle East banking, by drawing on the experience of Jordanian banks at the start of the new millennium. In order to control for the effects of different specifications of banking technology on the results, this study estimates the productivity and efficiency growth scores under two alternative approaches, production and intermediation models. On average, under the former model, we found 79% technical efficiency and 3.2% productivity growth, while under the later model we found 92% technical efficiency and 3.3% productivity growth for the sector. One implication is that the Jordanian banks can obtain considerable resource savings if they can catch up with the best practice banks. Among the organizational forms operating in this emerging market, we found that commercial banks generally outperform both investment and Islamic banks in terms of efficiency and total factor productivity growth.

Social media and social media tools have improved rapidly and started to influence society especially in recent years. This influence has forced businesses to revolutionize their communication with the external environment. The fact that Web 2.0 has an influence on consumer behavior, and that it makes the consumers stronger; requires faster, more flexible and more sensitive communication processes in businesses. Especially during a time of crisis, a business’ communication with the external environment is quite critical. For this reason, the way how the crisis communication is managed through social media is vital for businesses. In this article, the perceptions of how to manage businesses during a time of crisis so that they make minimum loss, is shared.

This study aims to investigate budget related antecedents of job performance of managers. For this purpose, the effect of budgetary participation, budget goal commitment and information sharing on job performance of managers were examined. The sample consists of 104 managers who are responsible from the budgets of their units in different private enterprises. Most of these enterprises are operating in automotive sector and located in Marmara Region of Turkey. Survey data was analyzed with confirmatory factor analyses and Structural Equation Modeling. Results indicate that budgetary participation has statistically significant and positive impact on job performance. It also positively affects budget goal commitment and information sharing. Budget goal commitment and information sharing have significant and positive impact on job performance. In addition, budget goal commitment positively affects information sharing of managers. Analyses also revealed that budget goal commitment and information sharing have partial mediation effect on the relationship between budgetary participation and job performance.

This study aims to determine the relationship between Islamic work ethics and the love of money, and was carried out with the participation of 500 tradesmen working in the Alanya district centre. It was determined from the research that there are positively significant correlations between the good, budget and power-success dimensions of the love of money and Islamic work ethic while no significant relationship was found with the evil dimension of the love of money. Furthermore, it was revealed that the perception of the Islamic work ethic changes according to marital status and the level of income. 

Contemporary companies are giving considerable importance to satisfaction of their internal customers as well as satisfying their exterior customers by their goods and products. In tis context, employer branding-  an important concept developed by Simon Borrow- has been accepted as one of the most important developments of 1990s and myriad of companies has started to give importance to the mentioned point (Tüzüner, et al., 2009). Difficulties in finding talented employees, has made employer branding popular especially in service sector (Berthon vd. 2005; Knox and Freeman, 2006). According to information supplied from career portals, nowadays the highest number of job applications are being made to banking sector hence we were curious about this spesific sector in our study. Main sample of this study is composed of applicants that made job application to Albaraka Türk Participation Bank in the last three months prior to the design of this study. Aim of the study is measuring effects of employer branding dimensions in these applicant’s applicaitons behaviours and analyzing the relationship between their brand perceptions related to Albarak Türk Participation Bank and their levels of education and job experiences. With these purposes we used Berthon’s Employer Attractiveness Scale. Our survey has been applied to 500 job applicants from various education and experience levels and we used easy sampling method in choosing these applicants. Our survey, composed of 25 questions and Likert answer key with 7 answers has been brought to applicants via email and results have been analyzed by SPSS program. Our findings showed that rather than experience leves, education levels makes difference in appilicants perceptions about employer brand of the bank.

Both management and leadership concepts and theoretical foundations that are established on this subject, as well as the subject of trust and its dimensions were put excessive emphasis on literature of management and organization and several different studies were conducted on these concepts. However, at this point, the important question comes the mind how will the relationship between style of leadership and the concept of trust will show difference with different styles of leadership. This focus of this study is to discover the answer to this question. The area of this study is consisting of AK Parti (Justice and Government Party) and CHP  (Republican People’s Party) municipalities chosen from the convenience sampling method in the district municipalities of Istanbul. Within this context, interviews with twelve different municipalities were held, and 150 people in the executive position within municipalities as chief or higher status has been reached. Ten district municipalities in this questionnaire study consist of six entities linked to AK Parti and four to CHP. This research is limited to these municipalities. As a result of the questionnaire data analysis that have been applied for the executives on management positions; findings were acquired and explanations and evaluations regarding these findings were being made.   

Construction contractors have a great role in terms of operation work properly in construction project management. An effective contractor selection is most important to the success of any construction projects. Contractor selection is a multi criteria decision making problem which includes qualitative and quantitative characteristics. For the contractor selection problem, this study proposes a combined decision approach, which employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy Technique Ordered Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)  methods. In the proposed approach, AHP is used to determine the weights of selection criteria, and Fuzzy TOPSIS is used to select appropriate contractor alternative. Additionally, a real case study in construction industry is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.

Power has long been shifting from manufacturers to retailers in marketing channels and there is an intensive competition in the retail sector. Retailers need to follow changing consumer trends and technological developments closer and design their marketing strategies accordingly. Thus studies about  retailing has become more important than ever. The purpose of this conceptual study is to examine the reflections of changing consumer trends and technological developments on retailing.  Within the study, it is observed that; (i) in retailing, understanding how consumers behave as shoppers in different channels is an important key to success,  (ii) retailing should be adapted to changing consumer trends, (iii) technologies used in retailing are grouped under three categories which are smart technologies, biometric technologies and technologies developed for different dimensions of reality, these technologies provide substantial benefits for retailers and consumers, but high switching and implementation costs, (iv) consumers’ approach towards these technologies and consumers’ worries about  privacy of personal information should also be considered while evaluating these technologies. In the conclusion part of the study, some recommendations are made for retailers. This innovative study is expected to contribute to retailers and the retailing literature.

Firms benefit some external effects resulting from the concentration of economic activities in certain regions. These effects called “agglomeration economies” or “agglomeration externalities” are mainly divided into three categories – MAR, Jacobs and Porter externalities –, and regarded as the determinant factors of regional economic development and growth. This study analyzes the impact of agglomeration externalities on employment growth using Turkish data of 43 sectors operating in 81 Turkish cities between years 2001 and 2007. OLS regression analyses are repeated for each sector. As far as the MAR externalities are concerned, their impact on employment growth is found negative in 23 sectors while Jacobs externalities have significant and positive effects only on 4 sectors, most of which are from service sectors. As for Porter externalities, they prove to have positive effect on the regional employment growth for 16 sectors. Moreover, urbanization externalities are found to affect the regional growth positively in 4 sectors and negatively in 1 sector. While the impact of the initial level of regional labor supply is found positive, the initial level of regional employment level has negative effect on employment growth. Finally, the share of high education level in cities is found to have almost no effect on regional growth.

Contemporary companies are giving considerable importance to satisfaction of their internal customers as well as satisfying their exterior customers by their goods and products. In tis context, employer branding-  an important concept developed by Simon Borrow- has been accepted as one of the most important developments of 1990s and myriad of companies has started to give importance to the mentioned point (Tüzüner, et al., 2009). Difficulties in finding talented employees, has made employer branding popular especially in service sector (Berthon vd. 2005; Knox and Freeman, 2006). According to information supplied from career portals, nowadays the highest number of job applications are being made to banking sector hence we were curious about this spesific sector in our study. Main sample of this study is composed of applicants that made job application to Albaraka Türk Participation Bank in the last three months prior to the design of this study. Aim of the study is measuring effects of employer branding dimensions in these applicant’s applicaitons behaviours and analyzing the relationship between their brand perceptions related to Albarak Türk Participation Bank and their levels of education and job experiences. With these purposes we used Berthon’s Employer Attractiveness Scale. Our survey has been applied to 500 job applicants from various education and experience levels and we used easy sampling method in choosing these applicants. Our survey, composed of 25 questions and Likert answer key with 7 answers has been brought to applicants via email and results have been analyzed by SPSS program. Our findings showed that rather than experience leves, education levels makes difference in appilicants perceptions about employer brand of the bank.

The aim of this study is to investigate impacts of monetary policy transmission mechanisms on production and prices in theoritical way and to test functioning of monetary transmission channels in Azerbaijan economy. In this article, vector error correction model (VECM) is employed for short and long run  relationships in the period of 2001:4-2014:3. Results reveal that, both interest and credit channels are important, with a bit precedence of credit channel in comparison for Azerbaijan economy.