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In today’s era of disruption and rapid technological advancement, the demands for organisational competence development are on the rise (Richter et al., 2020; Schaeffer, 2017). Making investment in human capital development the single most guarantor or tonic for sustainable competitive advantage for any organisation. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between training, demographic variables and employee job satisfaction. The research employs a positivist paradigm, utilising a deductive approach characterised by quantitative methods. It incorporates a longitudinal study and a pre-post quasi-experimental survey design to gather data from a randomly sampled population of 526 participants from 5 companies in South Africa. Utilising diverse multivariate statistical methods, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation and regression modelling, for data analysis. The study’s empirical evidence revealed that (i) those workers who received more training are more motivated than those who received less or no training at all. Further, categories of demographic variables that led to a significant increase in the dependent variable i.e. “employee motivation and job satisfaction” consisted of skilled workers, females, South Sotho language group, those who had post-Matric qualifications and those with 6 – 10 years’ experience in the same job. This paper offers insights to management, especially HR policy makers on creating a learning culture and embrace the value of continued investment in human capital. Plethora of documentary evidence proved T&D to be the predictor of organisational efficiencies, profitability and long-term survival and growth. 

Digital platform economies have restructured contemporary markets by shifting economic coordination from decentralised exchange toward algorithmically governed systems of visibility and participation. Although prior platform economics literature has primarily emphasised network effects, switching costs, and informational asymmetries as separate drivers of platform dominance, less attention has been given to their systemic interdependence within platform infrastructures. This study conceptualises platform economies as recursive systems comprising structural mechanisms and market outcome structures that co-evolve through reinforcing feedback loops. The structural system includes network effects, switching costs, informational asymmetry, two-sided market dynamics, and algorithmic governance intensity, while the outcome system consists of platform market power, market concentration, visibility allocation efficiency, transactional dependency, and consumer welfare outcomes. Platform dominance is theorised as an emergent property of these interacting systems rather than a function of isolated causal variables. Using Canonical Correlation Analysis on survey data from 308 active platform users in South Africa, the study identifies a strong and statistically significant multivariate relationship between structural mechanisms and market outcomes. Algorithmic governance intensity and network effects emerge as the most influential structural drivers, while platform market power and transactional dependency dominate the outcome structure. The findings further indicate a structural shift in platform power formation, where algorithmic governance increasingly supersedes scale-based explanations rooted in traditional two-sided market theory. However, consumer welfare outcomes exhibit a weaker and negative association, suggesting that intensified infrastructural coordination may coexist with reduced perceived autonomy and fairness. The study concludes that platform economies operate as recursive coordination systems in which algorithmic infrastructure, dependency formation, and market concentration mutually reinforce one another, positioning platform power as an infrastructural rather than purely competitive phenomenon.

Globalisation has intensified cultural diversity within organisations, foregrounding cultural intelligence as an essential capability for effective functioning in multicultural work environments. This is particularly salient in South Africa, widely recognised as one of the most culturally diverse societies in the world. This article explores the role of cultural intelligence in promoting psychological well-being within South African organisations. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study involved twelve employees working in culturally diverse organisational contexts. Data were collected through one-on-one telephonic interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that cultural intelligence plays a pivotal role in facilitating psychological well-being by enhancing interpersonal understanding, reducing cross-cultural conflict, and fostering inclusive and supportive work environments. Participants highlighted cultural intelligence as a critical individual and organisational competency that enables employees to navigate cultural differences more effectively, thereby contributing to emotional resilience, job satisfaction, and overall well-being. The article argues that deliberate investment in the development of cultural intelligence across all organisational levels is imperative, as it not only promotes psychological well-being but may also strengthen organisational effectiveness and sustainability in culturally diverse contexts.

Amidst the strategic priorities of any government is the strengthening of public service delivery to citizens, the developmental state to more effectively serve the needs of the people and act as a driving force for socio-economic transformation and upliftment. The key priority in this regard is the strengthening of healthcare service delivery for a healthy citizenry, ensuring more efficient and caring service delivery. The purpose of this research report is to outline the challenges faced by the Eastern Cape Province in delivering quality services to the people of the Eastern Cape in the Health department. The objectives of the study were to provide and ensure accessible comprehensive integrated quality health services in the Eastern Cape, emphasis is on the primary health care approach, optimally utilizing all resources to enable all its present and future generations to enjoy health and quality of life. Although the Eastern Cape delivery of health is facing a myriad of challenges it is however pleasing to note that it’s in line with the implementation of the National Development Plan, the Medium-Term Strategic Framework (2014-2019), the Minister’s Negotiated Service Delivery Agreement (NSDA), National Health Council Priorities. Although the province is failing to fully provide quality health service in so far as Maternal Children’s and Women’s Health (MCWH) package, if the number of reported medico-legal cases from the province is anything to go by promotion of a better life for all is seemingly becoming a pipe dream. The research which was conducted throughout the province looking at the performance enablers in the form of social determinants of health qualitatively and quantitatively looked at the service delivery points and the infrastructure to determine Improvements on the quality and continuum of primary healthcare. However, from the results of the study it is clear that the Province is still managing to reduce morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases and non-communicable illnesses and conditions by implementing high impact strategies to address prevention, detection, management and support at all levels of care despite the corollary of both institutional failures and Apartheid legacy.

This study examines how cognitive and structural factors jointly shape customer satisfaction in digital marketplaces, using South Africa as an emerging market context. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and network embeddedness theory, it investigates the effects of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, perceived network density, and perceived network centrality. A survey of 128 township entrepreneurs engaging with e-commerce platforms was analysed using multiple regression. Findings indicate that cognitive factors, performance and effort expectancy, significantly predict customer satisfaction, whereas structural factors, network density and centrality, have no direct effect when considered jointly, suggesting their influence is mediated through user perceptions of platform efficiency. This study contributes theoretically by integrating technology cognition with ecosystem network perspectives, highlighting the interdependence of platform design and structural coordination in shaping customer satisfaction. Practically, the findings inform platform managers on prioritising customer-centric design while maintaining effective ecosystem governance to enhance customer satisfaction. By linking cognitive evaluations and structural embeddedness, the study provides actionable insights for managing complex digital ecosystems in emerging markets. It further extends understanding of platform strategy beyond technology adoption and network structure alone.

There are numerous obstacles that local government managers still have to overcome have given rise to fresh and creative ideas for providing their communities with high-quality services at lower costs. Delivery of services in a cooperative manner It is becoming more common for the public sector to use civil society and/or the private sector to offer public goods and services. Three significant facets of these developing relationships are examined by the author in this article. Numerous such creative initiatives have surfaced as a result of the local government's cooperation with corporate, nonprofit, or other public organizations. However, before delving into this matter, the paper discusses why public partnerships are necessary in South Africa in order  to get quality services, and then specific instances of cooperative service quality projects are discussed. This article offers a viewpoint to emphasize crucial considerations that local officials should make when determining which services could profit from these kinds of partnerships and which type of cooperation might be most likely to assist a community in reaching its objectives.

Many Bachelor of Education (BEd) students encounter difficulties in understanding research concepts, particularly in formulating problem statements which hampers their ability to articulate and develop their research effectively. This paper aims to propose strategies to enhance research skills among the BEd students at a University of Technology, focusing on research skill development and exploring the effectiveness of integrating practical research skills through face-to-face interaction. The paper is rooted in connectivism, which argues for the use of technology and life-long learning to enhance research skills. The research study was qualitative involved 30 participants. A discussion group was established on WhatsApp in order to gather qualitative data. WhatsApp is commended for being quick and easy to use, enabling participants to interact from the comfort of their own spaces. Purposive sampling was employed in this paper with 30 final year students from different specialisations. The data was analysed using themes and sub-themes. The findings indicates that many students struggle with formulating the problem statement, establishing the background of the study, and providing a rationale for their research, which negatively impacts their research development. The study proposes targeted interventions such as structured research mentorship programs, integration of research workshops into the curriculum and the use of technology-enhanced learning tools to scaffold research learning. Further propose a strategy to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical research application, ultimately fostering a culture of inquiry and academic rigor among future teachers. Based on these findings, restructuring the research component within the B Ed program is essential.  This includes integrating research components in Teaching Practice training to promote reflective practice and facilitate research skill development among BEd students.

Phubbing is a behavioural concept of social and human interaction that has created disaffection in conversations and has increasingly become a great concern for many. This phenomenon was assessed to address its negative effects in society by examining and documenting its literature trends and relationships, thereby adding to existing knowledge in this area. A thorough bibliometric analysis was conducted on 58 English-language articles on phubbing and related keywords from the Scopus database published from 2018 to 2022. VOSviewer and R tool packages were used to perform performance analysis, science mappings and the organisation and presentation of the data to identify article growth dimensions, relationships, and trends. Phubbing has attracted significant attention and impacted our daily activities, with a 51.37% growth in article publications and a 25.86% increase in international authorship collaboration. This is mainly from high-impact authors and documents in the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. The research thematic areas are centred around smartphones, social media, and parent-child relationships. The research will help to minimise the negative impact of phubbing on human endeavours and promote peaceful coexistence in society by improving our social and moral values. It will also improve knowledge in understanding the evolution of literature to advance future research efforts. This study is unique in harnessing efforts and experience from around the world to deepen understanding and benefit society. Further research should be conducted on phubbing and mental health and their impact on children's growth

The growing use of AI in higher education has heightened interest in genuine e-assessment to improve assessment efficacy, inclusivity, and academic integrity. Nonetheless, the implementation of AI-enhanced assessment techniques in South African higher education is inconsistent, influenced by structural disparities, ethical dilemmas, and differing degrees of institutional preparedness. This study offers a qualitative systematic literature analysis that investigates the implementation issues and pedagogical ramifications of AI-enhanced genuine e-assessment at South African Higher Education Institutions (SAHEIs). The evaluation, structured using a PICo-informed framework and according to PRISMA principles, synthesised evidence from 49 peer-reviewed publications published from 2020 to 2024. A narrative theme synthesis was utilised to examine persistent patterns concerning implementation obstacles, ethical considerations, assessment change, inclusion, and governance. AI-driven assessment technologies have significant advantages, such as higher grading consistency, scalability, tailored feedback, and increased student involvement. Nonetheless, infrastructural constraints, ongoing digital disparities, inadequate faculty readiness, and the lack of cohesive institutional policies hinder these advantages. Ethical concerns, especially algorithmic bias, data privacy, and academic integrity, exacerbate the implementation of AI in varied and resource-limited settings. This analysis finds hybrid evaluation models that integrate AI automation with human judgement as the most pedagogically sound and ethically responsible method. The study indicates that AI-enhanced authentic e-assessment possesses transformative potential for SAHE, contingent upon context-sensitive policies, ongoing professional development, equitable infrastructure investment, and strong ethical governance frameworks.

This study examines how small agribusinesses in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa, respond to digital disruption within a changing rural economy. Using a hybrid methodology combining bibliometric analysis and thematic synthesis, it draws on 2015–2024 data from Scopus and Web of Science. Bibliometric mapping reveals global research trends, while thematic analysis identifies local coping strategies. Findings show that despite financial and infrastructural constraints, small agribusinesses employ informal digital practices to improve efficiency and navigate market challenges. The study highlights grassroots innovation and resilience in a resource-constrained context, offering a context-sensitive view of digital adoption. It contributes to theory by extending the Diffusion of Innovation framework to rural entrepreneurship and emphasises the role of digital inequality in shaping innovation. The research provides valuable insights for policy, support mechanisms, and future studies aimed at fostering inclusive digital transformation in marginalised agribusiness settings.

Good governance is a critical component of efficient public service delivery, and its principles are vital for ensuring transparency, accountability, and sustainability within municipal structures. The King III Report on Governance provides a framework for sound governance practices in both public and private sectors in South Africa. This study examines the perceptions of corporate services within Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality regarding their compliance with the King III principles of good governance. The research adopts a qualitative approach, employing interviews and document analysis to explore the understanding, implementation, and challenges of adhering to King III principles within the corporate service divisions of the municipality. Key areas of focus include ethical leadership, stakeholder engagement, risk management, and integrated reporting. Findings suggest a mixed perception of compliance levels among corporate service personnel. While there is a general awareness of the King III principles, implementation is hindered by systemic challenges such as limited resources, insufficient training, and inconsistent monitoring mechanisms. Moreover, the study highlights a gap between policy frameworks and practical application, as well as the impact of political influences on governance processes. Despite these challenges, the study identifies positive strides made by the municipality in areas such as stakeholder consultation and ethical leadership initiatives. It recommends targeted training programs, improved resource allocation, and the establishment of independent governance monitoring committees to enhance compliance with King III principles. This research contributes to the broader discourse on governance in local government and underscores the need for a strategic and holistic approach to embedding good governance principles within municipal operations. The findings are relevant to policymakers, municipal administrators, and governance practitioners seeking to foster a culture of accountability and transparency in local government structures.

The psychological and emotional well-being of academic staff in the South African higher education system is affected by multiple challenges that obscure the delivery of distinct academic projects. These challenges have an impact on the academic staff’s mental health. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the mental health stressors affecting academic program coordinators at a South African university. By identifying and analyzing specific challenges, the research aims to provide actionable insights to inform institutional policies and interventions designed to improve the mental well-being of academic staff. This study will broaden the understanding of the mental health stressors among South African universities. The study is premised within an interpretivist paradigm and uses a case study qualitative design. Individual interviews were conducted with 4 purposively selected academic programme coordinators.  Data were analysed using thematic and narrative analyses. The findings identified five mental health stressors that affect academic programme coordinators. These stressors are (1) increased and heavy workload with many modules and extra administration; (2) understaffing- increased students-no creation of new posts; (3) duplication of duties and work transfer; (4) lack of support, and lack of implementation of resolutions; and (5) over-use of part-time lectures at most 50 part-time lectures.  As part of the conclusions, the study recommends that the university conduct a job analysis to revisit and reimagine job descriptions and organizational structure to alleviate job duplication and job transfer. Furthermore, the study proposes adequate staffing and equitable workloads across the university’s academic and support staff

This study investigates the perceptions of Management Sciences students in Bloemfontein, South Africa, regarding the role of technology in facilitating entrepreneurship and its impact on business success. In the context of a rapidly evolving technological landscape, the research aims to evaluate students' knowledge, attitudes, and comprehension of how technology influences entrepreneurial endeavours. Utilising a quantitative approach, this study identifies gaps in students' understanding, assesses their readiness to embrace technological advancements, and evaluates their awareness of the strategic importance of technology in the entrepreneurial journey. Findings reveal significant insights into students' perceptions and highlight areas for improvement in educational curricula designed to enhance technological literacy among aspiring entrepreneurs. This study contributes to the development of interventions that equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the increasingly digital entrepreneurial landscape, thereby promoting a generation of technologically proficient and entrepreneurial-minded individuals.

This empirical paper examines the challenges third-year students face in learning Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) at a University of Technology. The primary issue is that students frequently struggle to grasp the subject effectively, resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes. The paper is rooted in Constructivist Learning Theory, pioneered by Vygotsky and Piaget, which posits that students develop their understanding through active engagement and social interaction. Participatory Action Research was employed as the primary method for data collection, and a thematic approach was used for data analysis. A WhatsApp group was created to facilitate group discussions for data collection and analysis. Participants included nine (n=9) third-year students specialising in EMS as one of their elective subjects. The study found that inadequate mentorship and support significantly affect the effectiveness of learning EMS. The complexity of EMS, a lack of accounting background, and the workload were identified as key challenges hindering effective learning. Based on these findings, the study recommends that students, particularly those without a strong foundation in accounting from high school, receive adequate support. Additionally, it advocates that each course should be treated independently rather than combining multiple subjects under EMS. Based on these findings, the study aims to contribute to the enhancement of EMS teaching and to propose strategies for addressing the frustrations experienced by third-year students within the module.

Despite extensive research on the impact of educational technology in enhancing the quality of teaching, learning, and learner academic achievement, there remains a notable lack of research focusing on teachers’ perspectives regarding the role of technology in addressing educational inequities. Using South Africa as a case study, this qualitative investigation sought to explore South African teachers’ views on the perceived role of educational technology in promoting educational equity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four purposefully selected teachers from public schools in South Africa. The thematic findings indicated that the participants believed educational technology holds the potential to significantly contribute to the redress of educational inequities by expanding access to information and resources, improving the quality and efficiency of education, and catering to diverse learner preferences. However, participants also expressed concern that technology could potentially worsen existing disparities rooted in socioeconomic status. They emphasized the importance of equitable access to technological infrastructure. This study provides insights into the complex relationship between educational technology and equity within the South African context and underscores the importance of incorporating teachers’ perspectives in the implementation of technology-driven initiatives intended to eliminate educational inequalities.

The maturing democracy in South Africa is navigating challenges within the context of participatory democracy, which has evolved into two distinct states. The arrangement of these two states reflects the citizens' efforts to mobilise for the public state, as opposed to their belief in the private state. The public state is exemplified by active participation aimed at advancing the interests of the impoverished, which should serve as a foundational element to inform the government of its citizens' desires. The second state is the private state (intra-state), which functions in the digital age and communicates swiftly on various matters distinct from those of the public state. All these states appeal to the same government, yet one state appears to be thriving more than the others, complicating the philosophical framework that underlies South Africa's public administration aimed at unifying the nation. This study aims to illustrate the quality of services and the dependencies of these two states on government, highlighting how their existence is scientifically steering the government in divergent directions. Secondly, this illustrates how these two states are influenced by class contradictions within society, where one class oppresses another to promote its interests through government influence. The study concludes that intra-state arrangements are illegitimate, serving to exploit power dynamics over the public state and impacting national interests. A single public state is recommended for establishment.

A subtle inherent contest exists between supervisors and subordinates during performance appraisal sessions. Examining the moderating effect of training on employees' self-appraisal to foster curiosity. This study seeks to analyse the value proposition of self-appraisal in the context of 360-degree organisational performance. A self-appraisal was conducted among a random sample of employees from five companies in South Africa. The research employs a positivist paradigm, utilising a deductive approach characterised by quantitative methods. It incorporates a longitudinal study and a pre-post quasi-experimental survey design to gather data from a randomly sampled population of 526 participants. Utilising diverse multivariate statistical methods, such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation and regression modelling, for data analysis. This study illustrates that training improves self-efficacy, learning outcomes, and performance. Additionally, it highlights the integrity of self-appraisals in the post-training context, with 66% of participants favouring self-rated performance over supervisor assessments due to perceived bias. This paper offers insights for both practitioners and scholars, highlighting how a strong culture of human capital development (T&D) enhances self-efficacy and predicts positive organisational behaviours and optimal performance.      

Employee turnover is a significant issue for organizations worldwide, affecting stability, productivity, and innovation. In South Africa, public service departments face challenges in retaining qualified personnel as they migrate to higher-paying jobs. The study aims to investigate factors contributing to high turnover of Heads of Department or Accounting Officers within the Department of Economic Development and Tourism (DEDT) in Mpumalanga Province. In order to gather information from a sample of 67 employees and to propose empirically supported strategies to lower employee turnover, increase retention, and boost organisational effectiveness, the study used qualitative research methodology, interviews, and semi-structured interviews. Main findings of the study demonstrate that (i) employees are leaving due to negative factors within the department and short-term employment contracts (ii) employees with limited skills or experience being placed in key positions, further contributing to dissatisfaction and high turnover (iii)due to a lack of attention to addressing employee turnover, the department suffers from low morale, poor service delivery, and negative public perception, ultimately impacting the organization's performance. The findings are recommended for sharing with the Department of Economic Development and Tourism and other government departments in South Africa as it could provide a reliable approach of dealing with staff turnover throughout the public sector.

The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges and strategies of cultivating and promoting inclusivity and diversity in the energy sector. Grounded in the interpretivist research paradigm, a qualitative approach was adopted specifically using descriptive multiple case study design. In-depth interviews were conducted from sixteen purposively selected participants from the energy industry in Chipinge district, Zimbabwe. Data was analyzed using the thematic data analysis technique.  The study found out that the work environment in the energy industry was partially inclusive. There is evidence of both success stories and challenges with regards to inclusivity in the energy sector. The main challenges faced by the energy sector in promoting inclusivity include resource inadequacies, unconscious biases, resistance to change, communication barriers, tokenism, lack of knowledge and commitment from managers, strategic misalignment, policy deficiency and gender disparities in leadership roles. The strategies that can be employed to cultivate an inclusive work environment are the development of comprehensive policies, cultural transformation through management training, deliberate inclusion in procurement and infrastructure design, regular employee surveys, inclusive leadership programs, and mentorship initiatives. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on fostering inclusivity in the workplace by equipping all stakeholders with full knowledge and understanding of inclusive workplace dynamics. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge by shedding light on the challenges faced by the energy sector and strategies for accelerating the embracing of inclusivity in the energy sector. Furthermore, the study adds to the underexplored discourse of diversity management in Southern Africa and brings a grounded qualitative voice to the broader literature.

The conception and focus of Siyaphumelela Project were on the promotion of student success through the support programmes rolled out by the university’s support units. For the past ten years of the Siyaphumelela Project’s life, academic departments were left out, and they were not involved when data was elicited from student. The primary objective of this conceptual paper was to offer a critical analysis of the impact of Siyaphumelela Project on student access and success and how caring pedagogy influenced student learning and success in one school of teacher education in South Africa. We used Caring Pedagogy as a frame of reference in reflecting on building relationships, compassionate classrooms and promoting student learning. In this study we used desktop research.  Firstly, data identified that faculties and units are operating in silos instead of building solid relationships. Secondly, the research findings identified a need to create compassionate classrooms and caring environments. As part of conclusion, the paper recommends the case Teacher Education to adopt Caring Pedagogy perspectives and holistic and inclusive and integrated and empathetic approach. Furthermore, to foster within Siyaphumelela Project compassionate classrooms and caring environment that promotes collegial and collaborative working space and fosters student learning and success.