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This article review provides an insight into the main signals that will be responsible for the coming recession that will start from developed countries and will reflect negatively on developing countries that witness a decreasing level of development. The paper starts with the main seven signals that will initiate the recession. The second section will provide an analysis of the applied procedures and the economic reform that the government adopted to attract investment to overcome the previous and the coming challenges. Finally, the paper provides future expectations and paths for developing countries to overcome the recession.

There is a pool of techniques and methods in addressing dynamics behaviors in higher frequency data, prominent among them is the ARCH/GARCH techniques. In this paper, the various types and assumptions of the ARCH/GARCH models were tried in examining the dynamism of exchange rate and international crude oil prices in Nigeria. And it was observed that the Nigerian foreign exchange rates behaviors did not conform with the assumptions of the ARCH/GARCH models, hence this paper adopted Lag Variables Autoregressive (LVAR) techniques originally developed by Agung and Heij multiplier to examine the dynamic response of the Nigerian foreign exchange rates to crude oil prices. The Heij coefficient was used to calculate the dynamic multipliers while the Engel & Granger two-step technique was used for cointegration analysis.  The results revealed an insignificant dynamic long-term response of the exchange rate to crude oil prices within the periods under review. The coefficient of dynamism was insignificantly in most cases of the sub-periods. The paper equally revealed that the significance of the dynamic multipliers depends greatly on external information about both market indicators which are two-way interactions. Thus, the paper recommends periodic intervention in the foreign exchange market by the monetary authorities to stabilize the market against any shocks in the international crude oil market, since crude oil is the main source of foreign exchange in Nigeria.

This study discusses the influence of relationship conflict, turnover intention, and employee performance of Gladish Medical Center General Hospital on work burnout as a mediator. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of relationship conflict on work burnout as a mediator on turnover intention and employee performance of Gladish Medical Center General Hospital Pesawaran. Researchers use census technique with 70 respondents who are employees of Gladish Medical Center General Hospital Pesawaran. The analytical test uses SmartPLS v.2.0 with SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis method. The results reveal that relationship conflict has a positive and significant influence on turnover intention. Work burnout is proven to mediate the influence of relationship conflict on turnover intention. While relationship conflict has no significant influence on employee performance. Work burnout is proven to mediate the influence of relationship conflict on employee performance. Relationship conflict has a positive and significant influence on work burnout. Work burnout has a positive and significant influence on turnover intention. Work burnout has a negative and significant influence on employee performance.

Countries’ policy changes on improvement of female representation in board is in the spotlight of many researchers. In this paper studies current literature in board diversity, not specifically in gender but also ethnic, educational and cultural diversities, has been examined through their methodologies and findings. This study provides a summary of empirical findings of necessary papers in this field and try to assist researchers who are interested in this issue during their preliminary research.

The paper provides an analysis of one of the feeblest countries that were once one of the richest. The country is actually facing several economic and political crises. This crisis originated from the continuous communist economic system and its’ heavy dependence on oil as a source of revenue. The dependence on oil and the absence of other sources put the country at high risk not for the country only but for the whole region. The paper provides an overview of the reasons for escalating the current situation and its implications on the neighbor countries and a conclusion reflecting the foreseen possible economic situations way out.

The aim of this study is to determine the causality relationship between energy prices, which are among the most important inputs of the economy, and selected stock market indices of developed countries. Crude oil and natural gas are used as energy variables. G7 countries were selected to represent developed countries. Stock indices used in the study are Dow & Jones (USA), DAX (Germany), CAC40 (France), FTSE250 (England), FTSE Italia All Share (Italy), NIKKEI225 (Japan), and S&P/TSX (Canada). In the study, Johansen (1988) cointegration test and Granger (1969) causality test were used to analyse the causality relationship between energy prices and selected stock market indices. The research could not find a long-term balance relationship between energy prices and developed country indices. Also, while the causality relationship was determined between crude oil prices and NIKKEI225, DAX, and CAC40 indices, a causal relationship between natural gas prices and Dow & Jones and FTSE250 indices was determined. In the study, it was found that energy prices can be used for diversification in investments to be made with stock market indices of developed countries. This study is one of the most comprehensive studies in the literature that examines the relationship between energy prices and the stock market indices of G7 countries. It is expected to contribute to the literature in this way.

When we hear the word diversity, usually the first word that comes to mind is difference, and diversity steams from difference, in this paper, board diversity is discussed, in addition to linking it to firm performance, diversity is important, and it’s especially important in the board room of a given firm because it allows for different perspectives and opinions which can impact the decision-making process in the firm, which ultimately can affect the performance of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to give a relational guide on how board diversity can greatly impact the achievements of a firm. This paper is a theory-based study and aims to develop a critical approach of defining board diversity and linking that to the performance of the firm. This paper is a theory-based study because it utilizes the existing literature in order to determine the impact of board diversity on firm performance. This study also uses different theories and existing literature to highlight the relevance of having a diverse board in the firm. To find the relation, various studies and existing literature were analyzed to develop a critical approach to relate board diversity to firm performance. In conclusion, this paper outlines different aspects of board diversity while providing a critical look that allows us to assess the importance of board diversity and its connection to firm performance.

Air cargo transportation in international trade stands out with its speed, reliability, safety, interaction with other transportation types, intensive use of information technologies, and global standards. During the Covid-19 pandemic, various negativities have emerged in air cargo transportation, as in many sectors. In this study, the difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in air cargo transportation business processes are evaluated within the scope of the ISO9001 Quality Management System standard so that they do not adversely affect the service quality. In this context, a case study was conducted on the implementation of the ISO 9001 Quality Management System standard in dealing with the difficulties arising from the pandemic in the cargo operations of an air transportation company. As a result of the implementation, the cargo ecosystem has been expanded, the carrying capacity has been increased, and the storage and cargo transportation efficiency has been increased by making use of information and communication technologies. Thus, it was easier to overcome the difficulties arising from the pandemic in the business processes of the company, and it was seen that sustainability in line with commercial expectations was ensured by rising to fifth place in world air cargo transportation in 2020.

The study aimed to find out the effect of employee empowerment practices on the organizational citizenship behaviors of employees toward the organization and toward their coworkers (OCBP & OCBO). To support and establish the theory of the study, literature was reviewed. The study used the descriptive correlational research design and it used the questionnaires to gather the data. The study found that the empowerment practices of the Divine Word College of Laoag in terms of delegation of authority, autonomy, and self-efficacy self-management is high and even the different dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior are also high but not very high. Concerning the relationship between empowerment practices and organizational citizenship behavior of employees, the study was found to be significantly correlated. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is accepted.  

The development of the coffee industry in Indonesia is growing significantly, as it is driven by the number of coffee shops that are developing both in villages to urban areas as a balancer for people's lifestyles who like to drink coffee while enjoying activities outside the home. This phenomenon makes the level of competition for coffee brands in packaging very hypercompetitive. Consumer intentions in deciding to buy packaged coffee are strongly influenced by the perception of the quality of the coffee, so it is not surprising that currently there are many different flavors and brands. To market coffee products, many producers use celebrity endorsement services. However, as time goes by and the marketing strategy through endorsement has become massive, it is necessary to study whether this strategy is still effective in increasing the number of sales. It turns out that currently, endorsements do not really affect consumer purchasing decisions. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that: (1) perceived quality influences the intention to purchase packaged coffee, and perceived quality also influences brand loyalty in packaged coffee; (2) celebrity endorsement does not influence the intention to purchase packaged coffee, but celebrity endorsement influences the brand loyalty; and (3) brand loyalty influences the intention to purchase packaged coffee. So that in general brand loyalty is able to mediate the influence of perceived quality and celebrity endorsement on the intention to purchase packaged coffee.


 
 This article aims to examine and analyze the rights and obligations of workers /laborers during the Covid-19 outbreak from the perspective of labor law in Indonesia. The complexity of the issue regarding the rights and obligations of workers has increased again when the Government and the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia passed the Law on Job Creation or Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja  Nomor 11 tahun 2020 (UUCK No.11/2020). The research method used is a normative juridical approach. Normative juridical research is usually known as the study of documents, using qualitative methods in analyzing data and using secondary data as sources.The results of this study found that the labor and industrial relations sector, especially related to the rights and obligations of workers and employers, was initially strongly influenced by the development of globalization and information communication technology. Then, with the enactment of UUCK No.11/2020 as the latest labor law in Indonesia, and the outbreak of Covid-19, problems related to industrial relations have become increasingly complex. When viewed from the latest labor law in Indonesia, employers tend to have a stronger position when compared to the position of workers both in terms of interpretation and implementation. This is a challenge in national legislation so that legal efforts are needed to guarantee and provide legal certainty to business actors by applying sanctions in the form of criminal sanctions as ius poenale and ius puniendi.
 

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of job insecurity and person-job fit on turnover intention mediated by job satisfaction. The population of this study are permanent and contract employees of Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta, with the number of 148 people. From a total of 148 employees from management to subordinates, 108 employees of Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta become the research sample. The data analysis used in this study is path analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study prove that: (1) Job insecurity negatively and significantly influences job satisfaction of employees in Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta; (2) Person-job fit positively and significantly influences job satisfaction of employees in Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta; (3) Job satisfaction negatively and significantly influences turnover intention of employees in Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta; (4) Job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention of employees in Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta; and (5) Job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between person-job fit and turnover intention of employees in Pamella 6 and 7 Supermarket Yogyakarta.

Among the Luba people, the tshiota is one of the powerful types of indigenous manga (charms) used by the community. Tshiota is a traditional fire of power used for rituals, where invocations are made to the departed ancestors, spirits, and angels. It is a place of purification, cleansing, blessings, and making sacrifices. The study employed a qualitative research that was rooted in phenomenology. The concentration of the study was on the Kasai Central Province for two main reasons: one, the region has one of the major ethnic groups in the country and thus adequate evidence exists of use of manga in the area. The target population for the study was the Luba people who lived in Kasai Central Province. From this target population, charm givers, militia and political leaders were selected as the units of observation by the researcher.The findings of the research established tshiota is used to perform rituals and invocations to call upon the ancestors for help when there is a problem in the community. This help includes protection of community members before they go out to perform an activity on behalf of the community. This includes activities such as fighting during war. Tshiota fire was used also by the militia including Kamwina Nsapu who were fighting the government. They were initiated through fires of tshiota and drinking a powerful potion called tshizaba. Manga made the militia to be very powerful and strong in their fight for justice and good governance in Kasai. Through this abilities, they were able to fight and win against the modern day government in their effort to bring change and accountability in modern political leadership.  Manga were used to deal with corruption and other mal-practices, hence bring forth justice and good governance in Kasai Central Province, in DRC.

This paper aims to develop a critical approach to flight safety by assessing theoretical and empirical studies on fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew. This paper also builds a fundamental basis for managing fatigue risk factors in the aviation industry. The main contribution of the paper demonstrates the fact that primary and secondary fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew affect the level of job satisfaction, operational efficiency, and flight security.

During the pandemic and post-pandemic of Covid-19, MSMEs are required to continue to survive, and even compete at the regional and global level. The improvement of technology and resources need to be optimized. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze: (1) the influence of Attitudes toward Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Mimetic Isomorphism partially on Strategic Management in Islamic Perspective (SMIP); (2) the moderating role of Qur’anic Work Ethics (QWE) in the relationship between Attitudes toward ICT and SMIP; (3) the moderating role of Qur’anic Work Ethics (QWE) in the relationship between Mimetic Isomorphism and SMIP. This study is conducted in Batik MSMEs in Pekalongan with the number of respondents of 154 MSMEs. The primary data is collected through purposive sampling using a questionnaire. The results of this study show that: (1) there is a partial influence of Attitudes toward ICT and Mimetic Isomorphism on SMIP; (2) there is a moderating role of QWE in the relationship between Attitudes toward ICT and SMIP; and (3) there is a moderating role of QWE in the relationship between Mimetic Isomorphism and SMIP.

Africa continues to witness sustained conflicts owing to a number of different reasons. Already, evidence shows that a majority of these conflicts have been driven by long-standing social- political and economic reasons. Yet a closer look at the conflicts reveals that they have not only transformed, but are now sustained by different actors, methods, and have different objectives. Traditionally, conflicts in Africa have been driven by issues such as natural resources and struggles for political and economic power. However, there are now new factors that are significantly fueling and sustaining violence and conflicts in many parts of Africa. The paper focuses on why there have been such sustained conflicts in Africa and largely categorizes them into two main classes- old and new. Kadlor’s New War Theory helps explain and distinguish these two categories of conflicts by pointing out the salient features in each. However, what cannot be categorized is the effects that these conflicts have previously had and continue to leave in the countries and populations in which they occur. These are also briefly discussed which highlights the implications - both short-term and long-term that these conflicts have in Africa. Through these discussions, perhaps a new way of conceptualization of the nature of conflicts in Africa can be developed. This guides the approaches and means to be used in their mitigation and ultimate resolution.

This study aims to develop a theoretical approach to define the culture of peace and its dimensions in the workplace based on De-Rivera’s peace culture dimensions at the international level. This study offers an organizational model in the workplace and it needs empirical tests in further studies. This paper is an attempt to develop a theoretical framework for peace culture in the workplace. Peace culture will be analyzed in four underlying dimensions: liberal development, violent inequality, state use of violent means, and nurturance. This study transfers De Rivera’s peace culture dimensions into the organizational level, and it is assumed that peace culture in the workplace could be a remedy for a harmonious and peaceful workplace. Peace culture in the workplace is also expected to be a beneficial factor to employees’ behavior, job performances, and organizational commitment as well as work outcomes. In a conclusion, it is expected that this study fills the gap in the literature and will have a leading role for further studies

This study examines and analyzes the effect of; (i) Human Capital in Islamic Perspective (HCIP) on Business Sustainability (BS); (ii) Strategic Management in Islamic Perspective (SMIP) on Business Sustainability, (iii) Mediation of Strategic Management in Islamic Perspective in relation to Human Capital in Islamic Perspective on Business Sustainability. This study uses Batik MSME respondents in Pekalongan City. Pekalongan is a Batik city that has the batik talents, qualified craftsmen, known worldwide and have been passed down from one generation to the next. The target sample is 150 MSMEs. It is conducted purposively with a return rate of 116 questionnaires (response rate 77%). The data is collected through questionnaires and interviews with several owners or managers of MSMEs. The statistical technique uses Partial Least Square (PLS 3.3). This study finds that; (i) Human Capital in Islamic Perspective has no significant effect on Business Sustainability; (ii) Strategic Management in Islamic Perspective has a significant effect on Business Sustainability, (iii) Strategic Management in Islamic Perspective mediates the effect of Human Capital in Islamic Perspective on Business Sustainability

This study aims to examine the effect of work-life balance and emotional intelligence on organizational intelligence through work engagement. This quantitative research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 118 employees of Kebumen Branch and Unit of BRI Bank using a purposive sampling method. The data analysis used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using second-order confirmatory with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 application. The results showed that; (1) work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on work engagement, (2) emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on work engagement, (3) work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, (4) emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, (5) work engagement has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, (6) work engagement plays a role in mediating the effect of work-life balance on organizational commitment (7) work engagement plays a role in mediating the effect of emotional intelligence on organizational commitment of employees of Kebumen Branch and Unit of PT Bank BRI.

The study aims to determine the effect of educational attainment, length of work experience on self-efficacy and also to determine the difference of self-efficacy of employees based on the educational attainment and the length of work experience. To support the theories of the study, literature was reviewed. The study used a descriptive correlational research design and the questionnaires were used to gather the data. The population of the study was all employees of the Divine Word College of Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Multilinear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the difference of self-efficacy among employees based on educational attainment and the length of work experience. The study found that the self-efficacy of employees was high and there is a correlation between educational attainment and self-efficacy and the length of work experience and self-efficacy. It is also found that there is a significant difference in self-efficacy among employees based on educational attainment and the length of work experience. Thus, based on the findings, then the hypotheses of the study are accepted.