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This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on human capital management practices (HCMPs) and their influence on work engagement. The research aims to evaluate the effects of recruitment and selection, training, career opportunities, and reward on employee engagement, and to examine whether digital transformation moderates these relationships. Using a sample of 607 employees, data were collected through online questionnaires from the banking and hospitality sectors in South Africa and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study finds that HCMPs such as recruitment and selection, training, career opportunities, and reward positively affect work engagement. However, contrary to expectations, digital transformation did not significantly moderate the effect of HCMPs on Work engagement. This suggests that the impact of digitalization may be more complex and context dependent. The significance of this study lies in highlighting the stability of HCMP impacts amidst technological change, providing insights for organizations to manage work engagement effectively without over-relying on digital transformation as a moderating factor.

Myriad research studies across the spectrum continue to emphasize one common goal, namely, sustained desired performance/results. Such an outcome is dependent on employees’ commitment and engagement among others and is a function of astute leadership. This study aimed to contribute empirically to an understanding of and determine the effect of leadership on organizational commitment and engagement among the workforce, especially during and post-crisis. The study adopted a deductive i.e., quantitative research approach, that is descriptive in nature. It used a cross-sectional survey research design in a five-point Likert scale to randomly collect data from 220 dispatched questionnaires to participants across various sectors of the economy in the Free State Province. A total of 181 questionnaires were collected for data analysis, yielding a response rate of 82%. The standard multiple regression analysis (MRA) and interpretation were conducted to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The MRA results reveal that both leadership (?= 0.332) and ownership/accountability (?= 0.346) have a positive and statistically significant (p-values <0.05) impact on organisational commitment/engagement. Leadership and ownership/accountability reflect a significant power of predictability towards organisational commitment/engagement (F = 44.106; R2= 0.361; p<0.05) of the respondents. To ensure sustained exceptional performance, advocating for a servant-leadership culture, and being fearless of being led, will most likely inspire confidence, engagement and commitment among the workforce. The study provides empirical evidence of the positive effect of leadership on commitment and engagement, confirming that these independent variables are predictors of the dependent variables namely, employee commitment and engagement.     

This research analyses the employment demands and resources encountered by support personnel at a mining company in Gauteng during the latter phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 12 support staff, chosen via convenience sampling (median age = 44), who engaged in semi-structured interviews (3 women, 9 men; 3 White, 9 African). The researchers utilised an inductive technique and applied Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis to discover four themes: job pressures encountered, organisational job resources, organisational assistance, and perceived support. The findings indicate that elevated job resources may enhance work efficiency and effectiveness in individuals managing job demands. The study also revealed that perceived organisational support affects job pressure and emotional fatigue in employees. The findings underscore the imperative for employees to proactively pursue job resources and assistance to manage job demands, emphasising the significance of deliberate resource allocation in high-stress industries to bolster resilience and equip both employees and organisations for future crises. The paper fills a gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive narrative analysis of employment demands and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative interviews with support personnel enhance our understanding, supplementing prior quantitative studies that have predominated the research field. Future research should examine the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee well-being in relation to job demands and resources, and evaluate the function of diverse job resources in aiding employees to navigate post-pandemic issue

Paternalistic leadership is reported to have a favourable correlation with employee organisational commitment. This commitment is provided in exchange for the paternalistic leaders' care, attention, and protection of employees in both professional and personal contexts. Nonetheless, numerous further research have identified a negative tendency in this association. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) utilising PRISMA as the principal procedure, identifying 16 articles published from 2014 to July 2024 that investigate the correlation between paternalistic leadership and organisational commitment. This relationship is delineated through two frameworks: firstly, paternalistic leadership induces varying degrees of employee organisational commitment; secondly, organisational commitment serves as a mediator between paternalistic leadership and other variables. From these two schemes, it is evident that (i) a positive correlation exists between benevolence and moral leadership and organisational commitment, albeit with variations in the types of commitment elicited by these leadership dimensions; (ii) authoritarian leadership elicits a negative reaction towards two forms of organisational commitment (affective and normative) among employees, while inducing a marginally positive response towards continuance commitment; and (iii) organisational commitment as a mediator exhibits a "inconclusive" effect.

The antecedents of counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) in the higher education sector have remained unexamined in available literature. Moreover, the impact of job insecurity, job stress, and negative emotions on the occurrence of CWB within the academic context have hardly been interrogated. This study therefore, aimed at investigating the impact of job insecurity, job stress and negative emotions on CWB and further examining the mediating role of job stress and negative emotions in the occurrences of CWB among academics. Data was collected from 716 academics in Technical Universities in Ghana using self-reported questionnaires with close-ended questions and a convenient sampling technique. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to verify the measurement structure of the constructs. Structural Equation Model was employed to test the hypotheses in the conceptual model. The result showed a statistically significant direct effect of job insecurity, job stress and negative emotions on the occurrence of counterproductive work behaviour among academics. It was further revealed that there is a positive relationship between job insecurity and job stress, with job stress partially mediating the relationship between job insecurity and counterproductive work behaviour. Furthermore, negative emotions acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between job stress and counterproductive work behaviour. The findings have implications for higher education institutions in taking steps to address job insecurity, job stress, and negative emotional experiences of academics to mitigate counterproductive work behaviour among academics.

This research aims to examine the factors influencing organisational commitment and its correlation with turnover intention. This study utilised a sample of 357 sales and marketing professionals, encompassing both staff and managerial positions, across twenty multinational pharmaceutical companies in the Vietnamese market. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are employed in conjunction. Three out of fifteen hypotheses lack support, indicating that employee voice does not generally influence organisational commitment. Only normative commitment and continuation commitment negatively affect turnover intention. Career growth and organisational fairness significantly influence normative commitment, which in turn has a substantial effect on turnover intention. This research is one of the initial studies to identify the antecedents influencing organisational commitment and its correlation with turnover intention, particularly within the context of multinational pharmaceutical businesses in Vietnam. The research findings indicate that implementing practical measures to enhance career development and organisational justice might elevate normative commitment and diminish turnover intention.   

The paint manufacturing sector has not received sufficient attention, having its unique challenges with employee engagement, despite numerous investigations on employee engagement in several industries. This study seeks to address this deficiency by performing a targeted investigation on the levels of employee involvement within the paint manufacturing sector. This study aims to assess the level of employee involvement in the paint manufacturing industry in South Africa. This study systematically assesses the strategies and practices of employee engagement implemented by paint manufacturing companies operating in the region. This study utilises a mixed methods approach and follows an exploratory research design to accomplish its objectives. This methodology utilises many research techniques to provide a thorough understanding of the complex employee engagement processes in the paint manufacturing industry. The survey instrument, comprising of 320 questionnaires, was distributed to managerial professionals, human resource practitioners, and general employees working at paint production plants in South Africa. In addition to collecting quantitative data, interviews were undertaken to further enrich the depth of insights. The findings reveal a beneficial and interconnected link between the factors studied, suggesting a reciprocal strengthening that enhances employee engagement. Moreover, the study highlights the complex interconnection between the six aspects of employee involvement in the company environment. These characteristics jointly contribute to the fundamental aspects of employee engagement within paint manufacturing firms. Industry stakeholders should work together to develop an organisational culture that is deeply ingrained in the industry's identity and resonates with all personnel. One key remedy suggested is to conduct an employee engagement survey across the entire organisation, which will help gain a thorough understanding of engagement dynamics. This study highlights a strong association between employee engagement, departmental affiliation, racial demographics, and age groups. Therefore, organisations can improve workplace engagement by carefully taking into account the impact of departmental divisions, racial origins, and age cohorts on the overall engagement picture. The study's findings shed light on the significant influence of these factors in determining the dynamics of employee engagement.

 Even though the role of effective human resource management, including organizational climate, has been cited as a crucial predictor of diverse employee outcomes such as employee job satisfaction, the mechanism through which the organizational climate and job satisfaction can be enhanced or diminished is underexplored in human resource literature. This study dwells on Herzberg's two-factor perspective to push the boundaries of knowledge by showing that the organizational climate-job satisfaction link depends on varying conditions of leaders' emotional intelligence. The proposed model was tested using survey data from randomly selected 602 Youth-Owned and Managed Small Businesses employees in Ghana. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with the aid of SMART PLS. The findings revealed that organizational climate has a significant positive direct effect on job satisfaction. Emotional intelligence also exhibited a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction. Additionally, emotional intelligence positively moderated the organizational climate-job satisfaction link, such that higher emotional intelligence enhanced this relationship. The findings indicate that though organizational climate drives job satisfaction, emotional intelligence serves as an amplification mechanism to extract even greater satisfaction in small businesses in Ghana. Our findings make a contemporary contribution to Herzberg's two-factor and important managerial guidance for owners and managers of Small Businesses in resource-constrained regions like SSA.

A hospital is a non- profit health service organization profit oriented, and own various specifications, specifically related with human resources. In this context, hospitals are often mentioned as an organization that is intensive in human resources, this is because it is in a hospital there are various professions and types of work that have specifications and tasks different principal. Apart from that, hospitals are also known as solid organizations regulations and intensive technology and science. Technology and science intensive knowledge because there is technology and sophisticated medical equipment as well the rapid development of science as a result of education and study in in House Sick. Congested regulations because in House Sick there is Lots regulation and terms service Which must obeyed by all over element Which There is At home Sick. This research aims to investigate influencing factors OCB to nurses at Samarinda Medika Citra Hospital. This research uses OCB as a dependent variable which influences Organizational Justice, Job involvement and Organizational Commitment as mediating variables. This research is categorized as explanatory research. The respondents in this study were nurses at Samarinda Medika Citra Hospital who had worked for more than 2 years and determining the sample size in this study used a saturated sample technique with a total sample of 172 respondents. The data collection method uses a questionnaire, and the data is analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings from this research show that organizational justice, job involvement and organizational commitment have significant effects on OCB. Organizational Commitment also plays a role in mediating the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement hope OCB.

A company cannot grow unless its employees engage in meaningful behaviours. Therefore, higher learning institutions must foster organisational citizenship behaviour. An educational institution's overall operations are impacted by it, which significantly affects institutions’ operations, enhances the effectiveness of educators, and has a favourable effect on students' academic performance. However, the behaviours that men and women are expected to exhibit and how their actions are perceived are both influenced by their gender. Based on the role theory as the theoretical framework, this study explored the differences between male and female respondents' exhibition of altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship, courtesy, and civic virtue among academics. 253 academics were chosen at random from a group of 405 participants using a convenience sampling strategy. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive, factor analysis, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The means showed that employees of this institution appeared to be good citizens displaying all five citizenship dimensions. Furthermore, factor analysis results reported the extraction of five components. Thereafter, the Mann-Whitney test revealed that there were no discernible differences between the organisational citizenship behaviour scores of male and female respondents across all dimensions. These findings create an awareness of the importance of organisational citizenship behaviour in higher learning institutions and give managers a better knowledge of these behaviours. This study advocates that leaders should foster a strong organisational culture that promotes the exhibition of these behaviours within the workplace to make it easier for them to offer assistance to students, and colleagues and advance institutions’ goals.

This study integrates the psychological contract theory with the self-determination theory to examine the impact of relational and transactional psychological contracts on the professional identity of young professionals in Ghana’s professional services sector. It further explores how these identities influence their career resilience, considering the moderating effects of conscientiousness and organisational support. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilised a structured questionnaire to collect data from 421 professionals across various sectors within Ghana’s professional services firms. The data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirm that relational and transactional psychological contracts positively influence Professional Identity Strength (PIS), with relational contracts showing a stronger effect. PIS significantly predicts career resilience. Additionally, the moderating effects of conscientiousness and a supportive organisational climate are significant, enhancing the positive impact of PIS on career resilience. This study contributes to the literature by combining psychological contract and self-determination theories to provide new insights into the dynamics of professional identity and resilience in the workplace, particularly within the context of Ghana’s professional services sector.

This study investigates the intricate relationships between transformational leadership behaviours (TLB), job satisfaction (JS), organizational commitment (OC), and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) within the context of county governments in the United States. Drawing on a theoretical model that hypothesizes both direct and indirect effects of TLB on OCB, mediated by JS and OC, this research employs structural equation modelling to analyze survey data collected from 372 matched leader-follower pairs across various county governments. The findings substantiate the hypothesized model, revealing that TLB indirectly influences OCB through the mediating effects of JS and OC. Specifically, the study underscores the pivotal role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment as conduits through which transformational leadership exerts its positive impact on organizational citizenship behaviours. This research contributes to the literature by empirically validating a comprehensive model within the public sector context, thereby extending our understanding of the mechanisms through which transformational leadership fosters a conducive work environment that promotes OCB. The study's implications for leadership development and organizational policy within public sector organizations are discussed, alongside limitations and directions for future research.

This study contributes to our understanding of employee behavior in governmental organizations. This paper aims to demonstrate the effects of organizational culture, transformational leadership, and work motivation on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This paper also aims to conduct a literature evaluation on the OCB of the public sector, using VOSviewer to acquire a visual representation of the research's progress. The VOSviewer for visualizing research progress adds value by providing a clear and intuitive representation of the scholarly landscape. Visualizing connections and clusters among documents can facilitate the identification of key themes and research directions. The study searched the Scopus database using the keywords "organizational citizenship behavior public sector," resulting in the discovery of 85 relevant documents. The study analyzed documents published between 2019 and 2023. Afterward, the study selected 25 documents with the highest rankings as references using Publish or Perish. Supplementary documents were discovered through Google Scholar and Proquest. In comparison to other studies, this research is more diverse in the variables, providing integrated information in the public sector. Consequently, this research remains pertinent. Nevertheless, the amount of study conducted on OCB in the public sector has been limited. Therefore, there is a potential for further investigation in this field. The main findings of the study demonstrate that (i) underscore the relevance of promoting a positive organizational culture, fostering transformational leadership, and enhancing work motivation to encourage OCB among public sector employees and finally (ii) the results of this study indicate that influential factors have a positive impact significantly on the OCB in the public sector.

Ghanaian universities have embraced a corporate identity and are actively participating in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is referred to as University Social Responsibility (USR). The purpose of this is to enhance the perception of identification (organisational identity) and promote employee involvement. This research examines the effect of University Social Responsibility (USR) on the level of involvement and commitment of staff members in Ghanaian institutions. It also proposes that the sense of identity plays a role in mediating the relationship between USR and staff engagement. This study utilised a cross-sectional survey methodology. The poll utilised a two-stage multi-stage sampling procedure to choose 412 participants. The survey utilised a validated questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient (?) greater than 0.70. The data acquired from this questionnaire was customised for the survey. The data collected were configured and subjected to Structural Equation Modelling for analysis at a significance level of p<.05 using the SMART pls software. The findings indicate that identification perception does not significantly and directly predict the mediation effect of internal CSR on employee engagement (beta=0.008; t<1.96; p=0.439: p>0.05), and external CSR on employee engagement (beta=0.002; t<1.96; p=0.443: p>0.05) in the surveyed Ghanaian universities. The study concluded that the impression of identification did not operate as a mediator in the predicted association between the internal and external corporate social responsibility activities of the universities and employee engagement. According to the findings and conclusion, Ghanaian universities should take into account several elements and adopt a comprehensive approach when aiming to enhance employee job engagement. It is important not to exclusively concentrate on employee identification with the institution. It is advisable for the administration of Ghanaian institutions to develop efficient employee-focused engagement strategies and activities, both internally and externally, to boost the welfare of their workers, promote a sense of belonging, and improve overall performance.

Job anxiety has long been seen as a major factor affecting employees' job performance. The reasons and processes by which affective commitment and work engagement impact employee creativity can be studied through the lens of ego depletion theory. In this study, we surveyed employees in a theme park and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the survey data. Our observations suggested that the decline in employee creativity due to job anxiety was possibly the result of low affective commitment and work engagement, with work engagement being a key mediating factor. The development of emotional ego depletion in service industry employees after experiencing job anxiety could explain our observations. Emotional depletion not only affects employees' work attitudes and emotional expressions but also reduces their motivation for creativity.

In the current higher education environment in Ghana, universities have directed their attention towards fulfilling their social obligations, which are referred to as University Social Responsibility (USR), to both their internal and external stakeholders. This study, driven by the Stakeholders Theory, examines the premise that affective commitment serves as a positive and substantial mediator in the relationship between USR and employee engagement. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of both internal and external corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on the emotional commitment and level of involvement of employees in Ghanaian institutions. This study utilised the research onion framework to guide its methodology. It employed a cross-sectional survey design, based on the positivism paradigm and supported by the hypothetico-deductive model. The purpose was to test hypotheses and measure the relationships between user satisfaction and staff engagement, with affective commitment acting as a mediator. The study was conducted within the context of Ghanaian universities.  A two-stage stratified sampling method was utilised to choose 412 participants for the survey. The data collected via a 5-point Likert scale empirically validated questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (?) > 0.70 was adapted for the survey. The data collected were configured and subjected to Structural Equation Modelling for analysis at a significance level of p<.05 using the SMART pls software. This survey found that affective commitment is a statistically significant factor that directly explains and predicts the mediation effect of internal CSR on employee engagement (beta=0.217; t>1.96; p=0.000: p<0.05), and external CSR on employee engagement (beta=0.065; t>1.96; p=0.000: p<0.05) in Ghanaian universities enrolled in the survey. This study recommends that public and private universities in Ghana should foster a strong sense of commitment and loyalty among employees towards the organisation and its CSR efforts.

The increasingly rapid development of education in Indonesia requires strong involvement and engagement of lecturers, including in West Java. In reality, there are still some lecturers who have low involvement and engagement in education at their universities. This study examines the influence of proactive personality and emotional regulation on employee engagement, by considering the moderation of religiosity in this relationship pattern. expertise and knowledge in their field make them not focus on developing the quality of the campus they hold. The population of this study were Muslim lecturers who taught at universities in Bandung City, selected using the purposive sampling method, with 100 respondents. The data obtained was processed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study show that employee engagement can be influenced by proactive personality and emotional regulation, and this influence is stronger when the lecturer's level of religiosity is high. These findings provide important insights for understanding factors that influence employee engagement in academic contexts.

While employee agility has recently gained increased attention, there is a notable lack of research on its antecedents. This study investigates the impact of humble leadership on employee agility within the context of Egypt's hospitality industry. Utilizing survey data collected from 320 frontline employees within Egypt's travel agencies, the findings reveal a positive and significant impact of humble leadership on employee agility. Notably, the study identifies employees' self-efficacy as a partial mediator in this relationship, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms through which humble leadership shapes employee agility. These insights enrich the existing body of knowledge by providing a nuanced perspective on the influence of humble leadership on employee agility and offer practical implications for leaders and organizations seeking to enhance workforce agility in the dynamic setting of the hospitality industry.

This study examines the relationship between person-job fit and employee engagement with mediator meaningful work of regional bank employees in Indonesia. A survey questionnaire was administered to employees in bank regions across different departments, with 205 respondents comprising 164 men, 80%, and 41 women, or 20%. Statistical techniques with a partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM 3.3.3) will be used to analyze the relationships and test the mediation effect of Meaningful Work on the relationships between Person Job Fit and Work Engagement. The study's findings demonstrated that Job Person Fit, which is the suitability of self-value with each job given, employees understanding the goals to be achieved in their work, and demand-abilities fit, including knowledge, skills, and personalities, were responsible for specific variations in work-related outcomes. Work engagement can be directly impacted by Job-person fit and indirectly by Meaningful work. Understanding these linkages may help employers design jobs and responsibilities that better fit their workforce's skills, preferences, and values, eventually resulting in a happier and more engaged workforce.

This study aimed to furnish insights into the features and outcomes of positive emotions in the Nkangala district. The reviewed literature indicated that such a topic is under-researched in the Nkangala region. This study employed the affective events theory (AET). The study's research design was both descriptive and correlational and influenced by the positivism paradigm. The sample size of 808 municipal employees was conveniently selected due to not having a sample frame, and other municipal respondents were unwilling to participate in the study. In addition, other managers did not provide researchers with permission letters; hence, the data were collected from four municipalities. The data were collected using a close-ended questionnaire. A validated and reliable scales were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28. The results showed that autonomy was the highest feature/predictor of positive emotions. In addition, it was determined that positive emotions predicted job satisfaction. This study found that when municipal managers offer their employees autonomy, it yields happy, joyous and proud employees.  Similarly, managers who provide employees with timely feedback and who do not micro-manage employees create a positive working climate. In addition, it is recommended that supervisors and managers should submit their reports/evaluations to their employees in a timely manner and offer constructive feedback. If it is negative, managers should also provide employees with appropriate support to improve their performance. This is vital since job satisfaction is a proxy of productivity or service delivery.