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This study examines the magnitude, timing, and persistence of export gains from Turkey’s regional trade agreements (RTAs), addressing why previous studies found null effects despite extensive preferential liberalization. A structural gravity framework analyzes Turkey’s bilateral exports to over 160 partners (1996–2020) using PPML estimation with country-pair fixed effects. Dynamic RTA indicators capture anticipation and phased-in effects over twelve years, while time-varying border coefficients isolate policy effects from globalization trends. RTAs generate large, persistent export gains that accumulate gradually rather than immediately. Cumulative effects reach 815 percent over twelve years without globalization controls, or 102 percent when secular trends are absorbed, both of which are economically substantial. The absence of anticipation effects validates causal interpretation. Trade agreements function as medium- to long-term integration instruments. Policy continuity and complementary domestic reforms amplify RTA benefits. This study provides the first comprehensive dynamic assessment of Turkey’s RTA effects within a structural gravity framework, resolving puzzling null findings from earlier specifications and establishing bounds on policy-attributable export gains.

The findings underscore the significance of institutional stability and macro-financial predictability in maintaining export performance in volatile emerging economies. Enhancing regulatory quality, bolstering macro-financial stability, and augmenting enterprises' capacity to manage risk will facilitate more robust export results. Incorporating institutional and financial frictions directly into gravity models offers a more accurate framework for policy assessment. This research employs a structural gravity model, estimated using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood, to analyse Turkey's bilateral export flows to 164 partner nations from 1996 to 2020. Political stability and exchange rate volatility are integrated as time-varying institutional and financial frictions. Indices of economic scale, geographical distance, and remoteness are incorporated to maintain alignment with structural gravity theory. The political stability of destination nations is a crucial positive factor influencing Turkish exports and signifies the existence of a governance premium. Exchange rate fluctuation exerts a sustained adverse impact, diminishing the anticipated advantages of nominal depreciation. Visual data indicates two consistent behavioural tendencies. Exporters are increasingly venturing into politically risky countries; yet, long-term export growth is constrained by institutional inertia and robust network dependencies. The findings indicate that institutional reliability and macro-financial predictability are crucial for maintaining export performance in volatile emerging economies. Enhanced regulatory quality, greater macro-financial stability, and superior firm-level risk management are essential for achieving more resilient export outcomes. Incorporating institutional and financial frictions directly into gravity models offers a more accurate framework for comprehending trade dynamics and formulating effective policies.

This study aims to examine the impact of some bank characteristics (age, size, profitability and leverage) on the extent of voluntary disclosure in annual reports of listed banks in Borsa Istanbul. All (13) listed banks represent the sample of the study. The study adopted the deductive approach by developing hypotheses based on the relevant theories and results of prior studies. The study also applied the panel data strategy to analyze the collected data from annual reports across five years (2013-2017). The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between each bank characteristic (age, size, profitability and leverage) and the level of voluntary disclosure. The results also show that profitability has a big impact on the level of voluntary disclosure followed by leverage, whereas, age and size have a small effect.

In this study, 403 participants were asked questions to determine the preventive measures being taken and anxiety levels during COVID-19 Pandemic. Participants were almost equally divided between women (55%) and men (45%). The rate of most worried persons about the pandemic was 62%. The risk of anxiety of women compared to men has been calculated as 2.1 times higher (95% CI 1.20–3.84). The Cramer’s V value of the change in hand-washing habit before and after COVID-19 outbreak is 0.706, indicates the existence of a strong relationship. The data is analysed by using SPSS 24.0. ODDS Ratio values are calculated to determine the impact levels, and Cramer’s V value is calculated to determine the relationship in behavior change in hand-washings habits.

This study aims to show the importance of environmental costs, and the role of these costs to improve the quality of financial reporting in Libyan oil companies and offering the suggestions to develop it. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers developed a questionnaire contains (35) questions, distributed to (100) of the officials of the financial departments, auditing, and costs and the parties concerned with the preparation of financial reports, collected and used in the analysis, a one-sample T-test was used. It seems to the researchers that there was the presence of environmental awareness and the company's strategy towards environmental issues, the study also showed there are obstacles that limit the application of measurement and disclosure of environmental costs. Moreover, it seems to the researchers that the measurement models for environmental costs increase the company's commitment to environmental responsibilities. The results of the study also showed the presence of a statistically significant relationship between environmental costs and the increase in the quality of the financial reports. Finally, there was a statistically significant relationship between environmental costs and decision making. The study suggested some recommendations to develop the application of accounting for environmental costs and disclosure to provide appropriate information to rationalize and take decisions in the oil companies in Libya, as well as the need for companies to protect the environment and provide funding and support to preserve the environment.

This research aims to analyze the effect of brand trust and brand loyalty to consumer purchase intentions in the Smartphone market. All the residents of ?stanbul who use mobile phones are the population of the research.  Due to the fact that it is very hard to reach all the population, simple sampling method has been used for data collection and 185 participants have been reached. Structural Equation Model has been used to explain the relationship among brand trust, brand loyalty and purchase intentions. SPSS for Windows 17.0 program and AMOS 20 program are used to analyze the data. Results show that both brand trust and brand loyalty have a positive effect on consumer’s purchase intentions. Also it had been determined that brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty. Moreover, brand trust has been found as the most effective factor for smartphones brands in the purchase intensions.

Social media and social media tools have improved rapidly and started to influence society especially in recent years. This influence has forced businesses to revolutionize their communication with the external environment. The fact that Web 2.0 has an influence on consumer behavior, and that it makes the consumers stronger; requires faster, more flexible and more sensitive communication processes in businesses. Especially during a time of crisis, a business’ communication with the external environment is quite critical. For this reason, the way how the crisis communication is managed through social media is vital for businesses. In this article, the perceptions of how to manage businesses during a time of crisis so that they make minimum loss, is shared.

Construction contractors have a great role in terms of operation work properly in construction project management. An effective contractor selection is most important to the success of any construction projects. Contractor selection is a multi criteria decision making problem which includes qualitative and quantitative characteristics. For the contractor selection problem, this study proposes a combined decision approach, which employs analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy Technique Ordered Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)  methods. In the proposed approach, AHP is used to determine the weights of selection criteria, and Fuzzy TOPSIS is used to select appropriate contractor alternative. Additionally, a real case study in construction industry is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.

Dynamic competition conditions in present day bring about the consequence for businesses to face varied problems with each passing day. At this point, current management approaches include studies that would shed light on the new problems of businesses. Organizational Silence, a concept that has recently been being voiced in business world, has come up in such context. Organizational silence could be expressed as the employee behavior of keeping silent about certain negativities due to various reasons in an organization. Since knowledge sharing in modern organizations is of capital importance in terms of responding hastily to the changes in a competitive environment, spread of this behavior of employees to organization culture and climate presents a threat of indifference. In this study, the concept of Organizational Silence is defined and the effects of conceived silence climate on management of organizations are discussed.

<p>Location selection problem in banking is an important issue for the commercial success in competitive environment. There is a strategic fit between the location selection decision and overall performance of a new branch. Providing physical service in requested location as well as alternative distribution channels to meet profitable client needs is the current problematic to achieve the competitive advantage over the rivalry in financial system. In this paper, an integrated model has been developed to support in the decision of branch location selection for a new bank branch. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique has been conducted to prioritize of evaluation criteria, and multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) method has been applied to rank location alternatives of bank branch.  </p>

Location selection problem in banking is an important issue for the commercial success in competitive environment. There is a strategic fit between the location selection decision and overall performance of a new branch. Providing physical service in requested location as well as alternative distribution channels to meet profitable client needs is the current problematic to achieve the competitive advantage over the rivalry in financial system. In this paper, an integrated model has been developed to support in the decision of branch location selection for a new bank branch. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique has been conductedto prioritize of evaluation criteria, and multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) method has been applied to rank location alternatives of bank branch.


 
 
 Lean production is a production model which comes about the pursuit of companies to be able to meet competition and make effective production. The main purpose of lean production is to get control about the wastage. This study includes the requirements for the success of the lean production and how the lean production system can be established. In this paper, lean production techniques were applied to the electric water heater line. Measurements using lean initiatives were made, operation cycle times were determined, and Kaizen improvement methods and line balancing methods were applied according to the results. And the last section of study showed conclusion of lean implementation.